[M1 - INORG] Medicinals

1st - O2
2nd - Si
3rd - Al

Relative abundance of Element (Earth)

N2 (Air = N2 + O2 (71:291)

Relative abundance of Air Gas

Most abundant: Ar; Least abundant: Ra: 2nd least abundant; Kr

Relative abundance of Noble gas

Most abundant/major/principal/1°

PISO (K+ IN, Na+ Out)
PICO (HPO4-2 IN, Cl - Out)

MICO (Mg2+ IN, Ca2+ Out)
SULBIO (SO4 -2 IN, HCO3 -, Out)

2nd most abundant/minor/2°

HCO3 -: H2CO3 -

Most abundant/important physiological buffer system (maintains pH

Respiratory (pCO2) increase; Metabolic (HCO3 -) decrease

Acidosis

Respiratory (pCO2) decrease; Metabolic (HCO3 -) increase

Alkalosis

Fe

Vit. C; CuSO4 (enhance Fe utilization)

Ca

Vit D

Se

Vit E

N2

[Storage Containers] Black Cylinder

NO2, N2O

[Storage Containers] Blue cylinder

Mg(OH)

[Storage Containers] Blue bottle

O2

[Storage Containers] Green cylinder

Ar

[Storage Containers] Dark green

CO2

[Storage Containers] Grey

He

[Storage Containers] Brown

H2

[Storage Containers] Red

Acetylene

[Storage Containers] Maroon

Cl2

[Storage Containers] Yellow

Li

[Storage Containers] Coated with petroleum or under oil (reactive)

White/Yellow P

[Storage Containers] Under water

Silica + Na2CO3

Glass

Type 1

Highly Resistant Borosilicate (Pyrex, Borosil)
Boron - Deer coefficient of expansion

Type 2

Treated Soda Lime Glass

Type 3

Soda Lime Glass; Dry Powder Packaging

Type 4/NP

Gen. Soda Limo Glass

Water attack test

TYPE 2

Powdered glass test

TYPE 1 AND 3

K

[Glass modification] Brown/ amber, light-resistant

Se

[Glass modification] Red

U

[Glass modification] Vaseline/ Yellow-green

MnO2

[Glass modification] Masks blue-green color Fe usu. present in glass

B (as borate)

[Glass modification] Deer. coefficient of expansion

Pb

[Glass modification] Iner. refractive index

Rare earths

[Glass modification] Selectively absorb light of certain wavelengths

HF

[Glass modification] Glass etching

NMT 10%; 290-450 nm

Amber containers (used for pharmaceuticals sensitive to light) are resistant if ??? of light transmittance at any wavelength RANGING from ???

Li

Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypothyroidism, pregnancy problems (teratogenic)

Movement disorder (tremor)

[Li] Hypokelamia

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (polyurea)

[Li] Hyponatremia

Ebstein's anomaly (congenital heart disease/abnormal tricuspid valve)

[Li] Pregnancy problems

Li; MOVEMENT DISORDER/TREMOR

Taking ??? may cause HYPOKALEMIA (deficiency of potassium in the bloodstream) there will be ???

Hyponatremia

Na deficiency

Hypernatremia (fluid retention)

Na toxicity

NEPHROGENIC (N) diabetes insipidus; POLYUREA; do not restrict Na intake

DEC. in Na will cause ??? example is ??? (expel too much ions may lead to dehydration). Treatment: ???

Hypokalemia (muscle paralysis; major causes of dec. K is severe burns and diarrhea)

K deficiency

Hyperkalemia (too much K may lead to CARDIAC ARREST)

K toxicity

severe burns and diarrhea

major causes of decreased K

CARDIAC ARREST

too much K may lead to what

Wilson’s disease

Cu toxicity

Penicillamine (Cuprimine)

Cu toxicity; Wilson’s disease. What’s the antidote?

Argyria

Ag toxicity

NaCI (NSS 0.9%)

Ag toxicity: Argyria; What’s the antidote?

Dermatitis, Glossitis/tongue inflammation (PO)

Au toxicity

Hypocalcemia

Ca deficiency

Hypocalcemia

• Defective bone mineralization/rickets/bowed legs (children); osteomalacia (adults)

• Defective bone resorption/osteoporosis/brittled bone

Muscle spasm; tetany, seizure

Other Ca deficiency and its manifestation?

Hypercalcemia; constipation

Ca toxicity and its manifestation?

EDTA

Antidote for Ca toxicity

Baritosis/benign pneumoconiosis/lung inflammation/horseness of voice

Ba toxicity

MgSO4

Ba toxicity: Baritosis/benign pneumoconiosis/lung inflammation/horseness of voice; What’s the antidote?

Parakeratosis (psoriasis like:scaly, thickened, & inflamed skin)

Impaired immunity

Zn deficiency

Metal fume fever (ZnO)

What fever does Zn cause?

NaHC03

Antidote for Zn

Zn and Mg

Give 2 immunostimulants

Itai-itai disease/ouch-ouch (manifested by osteomalacia/softening of the bones)

Cd toxicity

osteomalacia/softening of the bones

Itai-itai disease/ouch-ouch (manifested by ???)

Immediately given after exposure

Cd toxicity: Itai-itai disease/ouch-ouch; What’s the antidote?

Palliative therapy

Management for Itai-itai disease/ouch-ouch (Cd toxicity)?

Minamata disease, Pink disease (acrodynia in children) Mad hatters disease/erethism

Hg is neurotoxic and causes what (3)?

Na formaldhyde sulfoxylate, DMSA/dimercaptosuccinic acid (Succimer), Penicillamine (Cuprimine), BAL, Ca EDTA

Give the 5 antidotes for mercurial poisoning

Na formaldhyde sulfoxylate

[Antidote for Mercurial poisoning] Best antidote; RA: Hg+2 →Hg22+ (less soluble)

DMSA/dimercaptosuccinic acid (Succimer)

[Antidote for Mercurial poisoning] Water- soluble analog of BAL

For all types of His poisoning

Penicillamine (Cuprimine)

[Antidote for Mercurial poisoning] Elemental Hg

BAL

[Antidote for Mercurial poisoning] Inorg Hg salts only

Ca EDTA

[Antidote for Mercurial poisoning] Last Antidote in the list

for collyria

medicated eyewash (with antiseptic prop & bacteriostatic agent, component of

BO3 -3 buffer system)

Use of boric acid

INSERT/reddish orange (PO or dermal absorp.)

Boric acid toxicity

Shaver's disease/ Bauxite pneumoconiosis (inhalation),

Alzheimer's disease in elderly (Neurotoxic),

Constipation

Al toxicity (3)

Silicosis/pneumonoultramicroscopic silicovulcanoniosis - TB-like

Si (SiO2) toxicity

hemoptysis/blood in sputum & lung irritation due to chronic irritation

Manifestation of Si (SiO2) toxicity

Alumina (forms a coating with silica particles

Si toxicity: Silicosis/pneumonoultramicroscopic silicovulcanoniosis - TB-like; What’s th andote?

Plumbism/Saturnism

Wrist drop/foot drop

Pb toxicity

Ca/EDTA/Ca versenate

Pb toxicity: Plumbism/Saturnism

Wrist drop/foot drop

What’s the antidote?

Granuloma in skin and lungs - Banned!

Zr toxicity

Aldrich-mee’s lines (pale white bands in fingernails)

Garlic breath odor

luminous vomitus

severe Gi irritation (bloody diarrhea)

Acute toxicity of As (lewiste metal) (4)

Arsenicosis

Cancer

Chronic toxicity of As (lewiste metal) (2)

British anti-lewiste (BAL/dimercaprol)

Antidote for As (lewiste metal)

Arsenic

??? similar in acute tox/poisoning with P luminous vomitus

severe Gi irritation

Garlic breath odor

luminous vomitus

severe Gi irritation (bloody diarrhea/liver damage)

P acute toxicity

Bony necrosis (inc. P= dec Ca), esp in mandible (Phossy Jaw/Lucifer’s Jaw)

P chronic toxicity

P

What causes Phossy Jaw/Lucifer’s Jaw?

Blue -black gums

Black Stools (Bi2S2)

Bi - heavy metal poisoning manifestations

BAL

Antidote for Bi -heavy metal poisoning

Green tongue

V toxicity

Hypersensitivity rxn - angioedema, bronchospasms, anaphylaxis

S (Sulfites, SO2) manifestations

Keshan disease

Se deficiency

Contact dermatitis

Se toxicity