Sexual Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

A type of reproduction that involves the union of male and female gametes.

Two Main Plant Groups

1. Gymnosperms

2. Angiosperms

Angiosperms

Flowering plants that bear flowers and produce seeds enclosed within a fruit (e.g., avocado, sampaguita).

Gymnosperms

Non-flowering plants that produce "naked seeds" not enclosed in an ovary, typically in cones (e.g., pine tree).

Androecium

The male reproductive part of a flower, consisting of stamens.

Stamen

The male part of a flower, made up of the filament and the anther.

Filament

The slender stalk that supports the anther.

Anther

The part of the stamen that produces pollen grains (male gametes).

Gynoecium

The female reproductive part of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Stigma

The sticky part of the gynoecium that receives pollen grains.

Style

The slender stalk that connects the stigma to the ovary.

Ovary

The basal part of the gynoecium that contains ovules (female gametes).

Male Cone (Gymnosperms)

A structure in gymnosperms that produces pollen; usually smaller and softer than female cones.

Female Cone (Gymnosperms)

A structure in gymnosperms that contains ovules; has overlapping scales and is typically larger.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the male anther to the female stigma.

Fertilization

The union of a sperm cell (from pollen) with an egg cell (in the ovule) to form a zygote.

Zygote

The fertilized egg formed when sperm and egg cells unite.

Post-Fertilization

The stage after fertilization where the zygote develops into an embryo and the ovule matures into a seed.

Seed

A mature ovule containing an embryo and endosperm, enclosed in a seed coat.

Fruit

The mature ovary of a flower that protects and helps disperse the seeds.

Pollination in Gymnosperms

Primarily carried out by wind, which transfers pollen from male cones to female cones.