101 positioning

What is the musculomembranous tubular structure located in front of the vertebrae and behind the nose, mouth, and larynx?

Pharynx

For the lateral projection of the abdomen with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position where should the cr enter the patient?

2in (5cm) anterior to MCP and 2in above level of iliac crest

Which radiographic position of the ABD requires the PT be placed in lateral recumbent position on his or her left side and that the horizontal CR be directed along the MSP entering the anterior surface of the PT’s ABD at the level of the iliac crest?

Left lateral decubitus

Which body structure is located within the thoracic cavity?

Heart

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP axial projection lordotic position image of the chest?

Ribs should appear distorted

Clavicles should lie superior to the Apices

Why is it desirable to include the diaphragm in the upright ABD image?

Demonstrate free air in the ABD

Which radiographic position requires that the PT be placed prone?

Ventral decubitus

Which radiographic position of the abdomen requires that the PT be supine and that the CR be directed to a lateral side of the PT entering slight anterior to the MCP?

Dorsal decubitus

What projection results from a ventral or dorsal decubitus position?

Lateral

To which level of the PT should the CR be centered for the AP ABD when the PT is upright and the bladder is of interest?

Iliac crest

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA projection image of the chest?

10 posterior ribs visible above diaphragm

Scapulae should be projected outside of lung field

Which of the following is an effective way to detect rotation of the PT with the PA projection image of the chest?

Appearance of the lateral border of the scapula outside the lung field

Which PA oblique projection of the chest maybe use to evaluate the heart and great vessels when performing a cardiac series?

55-60 degrees LAO

Which of the following JT is an example of ellipsoid JT?

Intercarpal

With reference to the IR how are the MSP and MCP positioned for the AP chest left lateral decubitus position?

MSP- parallel

MCP-perpendicular

The portions of the peritoneum that function to support the visceral of the ABD in position are the :

Omental folds

Mesentery

How is proper PT alignment evaluated on an AP projection supine position (KUB) image of the ABD?

Vertebral column is centered in the collimated field

Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection image of the chest?

Ribs posterior to the vertebral column should be superimposed

Which radiographic position requires that the PT be placed supine with the IR placed vertically against PT’s right side and horizontal CR directed to the center of the IR?

Dorsal decubitus

Which bone has a medullary cavity?

Tibia

Which structure is not demonstrated within the mediastinum in PA projection of the chest?

Diaphragm

Which pathologic condition of the lungs is best demonstrated within the AP chest, left lateral decubitus position?

Fluid levels on the left side or air levels on the right side

An acute ABD series may be ordered for all of the following reasons except to:

Use as preliminary examination before contrast agent administration

For which projection of the chest should the MSP be parallel with the IR?

Lateral

How many degrees should the PT be rotated for the PA oblique projection of the chest to evaluate the lungs?

RAO 45 degrees

LAO 45 degrees

Which pathologic condition of the lungs involves the replacement of air with fluid in the lung interstitial and alveoli?

Pulmonary edema

The exposure factor for a AP projection image of the ABD must be sufficient to demonstrate the soft tissues of the

Lower border of the liver

Kidneys

Psoas muscles

Using a lateral decubitus position for PTs who are unable to stand upright best demonstrates which of the following pathologic conditions of the chest?

Air or fluid levels

When performing the AP axial projection lordotic position image of the chest to what level do you direct the CR?

Midsternum

Why should chest images be performed after the PT has suspended respiration after the 2nd inspiration?

To expand lungs better

For the AP upright ABD image of an average size adult, why should the centering be slightly higher than the centering level used for supine KUB image?

Include diaphragm

Which projection should be used to demonstrate free air within the ABD cavity when the PT is unable to stand for an upright ABD image?

AP left lateral decubitus

Which projection does not demonstrate free air levels within ABD?

AP with PT supine

What is the major advantage of the PA projection of the ABD over AP projection of the ABD?

PA reduces exposure to the gonads

Why should Chest images be performed with a 72in SID?

Minimize magnification of the heart

What is the name of the area between the 2 pleural cavities?

Mediastinum

Which pathologic condition of the lungs is best demonstrated with the AP chest right lateral decubitus position?

Fluid levels right or free air Left side

Which projection of the chest best demonstrates lung apices free from super imposition with the clavicles?

AP axial projection lordotic position (lindblom method)

With reference to the IR, how are the MSP and MCP for the PA projection of the chest?

MSP- perpendicular

MCP-parallel

Which 3 projections usually comprise the acute ABD series for ambulatory PT?

Supine KUB

AP upright ABD

Upright PA chest

Liver, stomach, and pancreas are located in the:

Abdominal cavity

What is the most superiorly located structure of the neck?

Pharynx

Which structure prevents leakage into the larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis

Which term refers to a recumbent position with horizontal CR?

Decubitus

What term is applied when the CR is angled more than 10 degrees?

Axial

What projection is obtained when the PT is in a RAO position

PA oblique

What term is used when the CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface of a part

AP

Which body habitus represents a person with organs and characteristics that are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic body habitus types and is the most difficult to classify?

Hyposthenic

Which vertebrae is located at the level of the inferior angle of the scapulae?

T7

Which plane is positioned at the right angle to the Sagittal and coronal plane?

Horizontal

Which body position describes the PT lying face down on the radiographic table?

Prone

Which term is plural form for diagnosis?

Diagnoses

Which term refers to the path of the CR?

Projection

Which term refers to a body part on the opposite side of the body?

Contralateral

Which term refers to a fracture in which a broken bone projects through skin?

Open

Which term for a depression refers to a hole in a bone through which blood vessels and nerves pass?

Foramen

Which term refers to a long pointed process?

Styloid

Which term specifically refers to the study of the joints?

Arthrology

Which type of movement occurs in a hinge joint?

Flexión and extension

Which bone classification consist largely of compact cortex tissue in the form of 2 plates that enclose a layer of diploe?

Flat

Which bone classification is a trapezoid

Short

Which bone classification are vertebrae

Irregular

Bones are classified according to their

Shape

Excluding sesamoid and accessory bones how many bones compromise the skeleton

206

Which body habitus represents a person of large massive stature in whom the stomach is located high and horizontal within ABD

Hypersthenic

Which region of the ABD is located below the umbilical region

Hypogastrium

In which quadrant of the ABD is the appendix located

RLQ

Which are the 2 great cavities of the torso

Thoracic and abdominal

Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

MSP

Which structure belongs to the axial skeleton

Skull

Which structure classification of articulation are cranial sutures

Fibrous

With reference to the IR how are the MCP and MSP positioned for the lateral projection of the chest

MCP-perpendicular

MSP-parallel

Which structure of the neck is approximately 1.5in(3.8cm) in length and is situated below the root of the tongue and in front of the laryngeal pharynx

Larynx

Which structural classification of the articulation refers to joints that have only limited or slight movement

Cartilaginous

Which functional classification of articulation are synovial joints

Diathroses

Which structure forms the mesentary and omenta

Peritoneum

Which term refers to movement of a body part away from the central axis of the body

Abduction

Which of the following is evaluated to check for rotation on an AP projection, supine position image of the ABD

Ala of the ilia are symmetric

For the lateral projection with the patient placed in the dorsal decubitus position which procedure should be performed to ensure that the entire ABD is included on the image?

Use support cushions to elevate the PT

Why should the chest most likely be demonstrated using 2 PA projections

Demonstrate movement of the diaphragm

If free intraperitoneal air is suspected when forming a left lateral decubitus ABD how long should the PT lie on their side before exposure

5 min

What is the recommended sequence for performing on acute ABD series when PT cannot stand

Left lateral decubitus

Seated upright chest

Supine AP ABD

To which level of the PT should the CR be centered for the AP ABD when the PT is upright and the diaphragm is of interest

2in above iliac crest

Which side must be demonstrated on an AP ABD with the PT positioned left lateral decubitus when fluid accumulation is being evaluated

Left side

Which side must be demonstrated on an AP ABD with the PT positioned left lateral decubitus when a pneumoperitoneum is suspected

Right

Which term refers to a general body position

Recumbent

Which term refers to the study of the function of the body organs

Physiology

Which are the 4 fundamental body planes

Sagittal

Coronal

Oblique

Horizontal

Which vertebra is located at the level of the xiphoid process

T10

To which level of the PT should the CR be centered for the KUB when the PT is supine

Iliac crest

For KUB image when should respiration be suspended and what effect will that have on the PT

Full expiration and elevate the diaphragm

Which of the following is true regarding all ABD projections

PT should suspend respiration after expiration

For the PA projection of the chest which positioning maneuver should be performed for the best removal of the scapulae from the lung field

Rotate shoulders foward

The ABD is divided into 2 cavities the inferior cavity is

Pelvic cavity

Which vertebrae is located at the level of the iliac crest

L4