Pharmacology Lecture: Bacterial Infections, Immune System, and Bone/Joint Disorders

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture transcript covering antibiotics, immunosuppressants, antifungals, antivirals, and medications for bone and skin disorders.

Penicillin G

A penicillin class cell wall inhibitor used for syphilis and streptococci; interventions include monitoring for anaphylaxis and superinfection.

Cefalexin

A cephalosporin cell wall inhibitor used for respiratory infections and UTIs; nursing interventions include monitoring renal function.

Tetracycline

A protein synthesis inhibitor used for Lyme disease and H. pylori; contraindicated for children under $8$ due to the risk of tooth discoloration.

Azithromycin

A macrolide protein synthesis inhibitor used for respiratory infections and pertussis; requires ECG monitoring due to the risk of QT prolongation.

Gentamicin

An aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor used for severe bacterial infections; requires monitoring of peak and trough levels due to risks of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

Ciprofloxacin

A fluoroquinolone DNA synthesis inhibitor used for UTIs; side effects include photosensitivity and a serious risk of tendon rupture.

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

A sulfonamide folic acid inhibitor used for bronchitis and pneumocystis pneumonia; potential adverse effects include Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and blood dyscrasias.

Vancomycin

A glycopeptide cell wall inhibitor used for MRSA and C. difficile; IV administration must be slow to avoid Red man syndrome.

Interferon Alfa-2b

An immunostimulant enhancing the immune response for cancers and viral infections; adverse effects include severe depression and flu-like symptoms.

Cyclosporine

An immunosuppressant that inhibits T-cell activity to prevent organ rejection; clients should avoid grapefruit juice which increases drug levels.

Methotrexate

An immunosuppressant DNA synthesis inhibitor used for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis; listed as Category $X$ for pregnancy and causes bone marrow suppression.

Nystatin

An antifungal that disrupts the fungal cell membrane; used as a 'swish and swallow' oral suspension for oral thrush.

Fluconazole

An antifungal used for systemic and localized fungal infections; requires monitoring for hepatotoxicity and yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Isoniazid (INH)

An anti-tubercular drug that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis; requires administration of vitamin $B_6$ (pyridoxine) to prevent peripheral neuropathy.

Metronidazole

An anti-protozoal drug that disrupts DNA synthesis; clients must avoid alcohol for $48$ hours after treatment to prevent a disulfiram-like reaction.

Tretinoin

A topical acne treatment that increases skin cell turnover; causes redness and peeling and is classified as pregnancy Category $C$.

Acyclovir

An antiviral that inhibits viral DNA replication; used for herpes simplex and shingles (herpes zoster) while requiring adequate hydration.

Adalimumab

A biologic TNF inhibitor used for Crohn’s disease and psoriasis; requires screening for TB before starting treatment.

Calcitriol

A Vitamin D analog that promotes calcium absorption for hypocalcemia; nurses must monitor both serum calcium and phosphorus levels.

Alendronate

A bisphosphonate that inhibits bone resorption; clients must take it first thing in the morning and remain upright for $30$ minutes to avoid esophageal irritation.

Raloxifene

A Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) for osteoporosis prevention; mimics estrogen in bones but increases the risk of thromboembolic events.

Allopurinol

A xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces uric acid production for gout; clients should increase fluid intake to prevent kidney stones.

Hydroxychloroquine

An antimalarial that modulates the immune response for lupus and RA; requires regular eye exams due to the adverse effect of retinal changes.