Consequences & Brain areas

Positive reinforcement

Giving or applying a positive reinforcer after the desired response has been made

Negative reinforcement

Removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus (doing an unpleasant stimulus or act to avoid an un-desired response occurring)

Positive punishment

Introduction of an undesirable stimulus and thereby decreasing likelihood of a response occurring again

Negative punishment

Removal or loss of a valued stimulus and thereby decreasing the likelihood of a response occurring again

Basal ganglia

role in long-term implicit memories involving motor skills

Amygdala

role in processing and regulating emotional processes

Neo cortex

Involved in everything we consciously think, feel and do and makes us who we are

Cerebellum

coordinates fine muscle movements, regulates posture and balance and contributes to various perceptual and cognitive processes

Hippocampus

role in the formation and encoding of new semantic and episodic memories and is connected to the amygdala so also has a role in emotional processing