Exercise Prescription Exam 1

Physical activity (PA)

any boldly movement produces by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in an increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure

Exercise

A type of of PA consisting of planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve and/or maintain one or more components of physical fitness

Physical Fitness

a set of attributes or characteristic individuals have or achieve that relate to their ability to perform PA and activities of daily living

Health-related physical fitness components

cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility

Sedentary behavior

Any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure while in a sitting, relying, or lying posture

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to vital functions going

Ways to measure activity intensity

Heart rate, Metabolic units (amount of oxygen consumed at rest, MET), Direct VO2, rate of perceived exertion

Factors of intensity

conditioning level of a specific area being exerted, age, gender body size

Benefits of physical activity and exercise

Improvement in cardiovascular and respiratory function, reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors, decreased morbidity and mortality, decreased anxiety and depression

Consequences of physical inactivity

Cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, metabolic disorders, cancer, pulmonary diseases, psychological disorders

Which is more important for overall health

Cardio/ aerobic physical activity

Risks associated with PA and exercise

increased risk for musculoskeletal injury, sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction

What is the most common risk?

Musculoskeletal injury (MSI) and associated with exercise intensity, nature of the activity, preexisting conditions, and musculoskeletal anomalies

What risks are associated with vigorous intensity

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which are much less common than MSI (injury) but may lead to mortality

What are the recommended components for pre participation evaluation, recommended by ACSM

informed consent, exercise pre-participation health screening, health history, and cardiovascular risk factor analysis

What are the specific goals in identifying individuals who are at risk?

individuals who require medical clearance before moderate to vigorous intensity exercise, with clinically significant disease that benefit from exercise, with medical conditions that may require exclusion

Skill-related fitness components

Agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, speed

What are important factors for informed consent?

the participate knows and understands the purpose and risk associated with participation, verbally explained, they are allowed to ask questions, and stop whenever they would like

what are the sign and symptoms of cvd, metabolic and renal disease?

Unknown pain in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, shortness of breath, dizziness or syncope, orthopnea ankle edema, palpitations or tachycardia, intermittent claudication, known heart murmur, unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities

what is the symptom:

a squeezing or burning feeling in the chest, shoulders, arms caused by exercise or exertion

shortness of breath

abnormal when it occurs at a level of exertion that is not expected to evoke this symptom (dyspnea)

Dizziness or syncope

Syncope (loss of consciousness) and dizziness may result in from cardiac disorders that prevent normal rise and fall in cardiac output

Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Orthopnea is the shortness of breath anytime you lie flat and goes away when you sit up and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is the sudden attack of severe breathlessness that wakes you up after an hour or two of sleep

Ankle edema

Most evident at night and is a characteristic sign of heart failure and often results from venous thrombosis or lymphatic blockage

Palpitations or tachycardia

Palpitation is the unpleasant awareness of the rapid beating of the heart induced by either tachycardia, bradycardia and can also result from anxiety and high cardiac output such as anemia or fever

Intermittent claudication

The pain that occurs in lower extremities with an inadequate blood supply that is brought on by exercise, the pain does not occur with standing or sitting, reproducible, and more severe when walking upstairs/uphill, and described as a cramp which disappears when stopping exercise

Known heart murmur

Some might be innocent, it is important to exclude hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis most common causes of exertion-related cardiac death

Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities

This may signal onset or change in cardiovascular or metabolic disease

inactive, no disease, no symptoms

no clearance needed, begin with light to moderate exercise

inactive, known disease, no symptoms

medical clearance is recommended because the person has not demonstrated that they can tolerate exercise safely

inactive, symptoms

medical clearance is recommended regards is the person has a diagnosed disease

active, no disease, no symptoms

no clearance needed, continue moderate to vigorous exercise

active, known disease, no symptoms

continue moderate exercise without clearance, but obtain clearance before vigorous exercise

active, symptoms

stop exercising and get clearance

Heatstroke

disorientation, dizziness, irrational behavior, nausea

Heat exhaustion

low blood pressure, elevated heart rate, chills

Heat syncope

heart rate and breathing rates are slow, pale, vertigo

Heat cramps

begins as feeble wandering cramps that progress to debilitating cramps