Speech Motor Control Components

Motor Speech Processes: Cognitive Linguistic

▪ Thought/intent – thinking of something to say

▪ Find a word – lexical

▪ Find a sound structure for that word - phonological

Motor Speech Processes: Motor Speech Planning

▪ Specify articulators

▪ Specify sensory goals

Motor Speech Processes: Motor Speech Programming

• Specify the muscle coordination pattern

Motor Speech Processes: Neuromuscular Execution

• Subsystems play out the command

Cognitive-Linguistic Process- Motor Speech Breakdown

• Aphasia

• Dementia - AD

• TBI

• RHD

• MCI

Speech Motor Planning/ Speech Motor Programming- Motor Speech Breakdown

Apraxia of Speech

Neuromotor Execution- Motor Speech Breakdown

All Dysarthria

Apraxia Differential Diagnosis

• focus on mispronunciations

• NOT due to weakness or paralysis

Dysarthria Differential Diagnosis

• focus on muscle weakness, paralysis, incoordination

• speaker knows what they want to say

4 Main Components of Speech Motor Control

1) Cortical networks

2) Control circuits

3) Direct activation pathway

4) Indirect activation pathway

5) Final common pathway

Final Common Pathway/LMN System

Final mechanism in chain of neural events that stimulates nerve impulses for muscle contraction, resulting in movements needed for phonation, resonance, articulation, prosody, and respiration.

• Cranial Nerves

• Spinal Nerves for respiration

Indirect Activation Pathway/ Upper Motor Neuron System/ Indirect Motor System/ Extrapyramidal System/Tracts

Pathway responsible for influencing FCP to produce subconscious, automatic, and reflexive movements, including regulating posture and automatic functions that serve as a framework for voluntary movements.

Direct Activation Pathway

Control Circuits- Basal Ganglia

Control Circuits- Cerebellum

Cortical Networks