Mitosis - Cell cycle, terminology, chromosomes/chromatids (bio test 3)

interphase

• centriole pair replicates

• DNA replicates to create duplicated chromosomes (2 sister chromatids for every chromosome)

• g\1 , S, g\2

prophase

• centriole pair begins to migrate to opposite poles

• nuclear membrane begins to dissolve

• spindle fibers begin to form between centriole pairs

• duplicated chromosomes begin to condense

• nucleolus begins to disappear

metaphase

• centriole pairs are fully migrated to opposite poles

• the spindle aparatus (mitotic spindle) is fully formed

• spindle fibers have moved the duplicated chromosomes so that they line up at the midline of the cell

• nuclear membrane has completely disappeared

• duplicated chromosomes are at their most condensed at this stage

anaphase

• spindle fibers pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere and drag them to opposite poles

• the cell elongates

telophase

• the cell begins cytokinesis by forming a cleavage furrow to divide the cytoplasm

• nuclear membranes begin to reform around the seprate (but identical) sets of chromosomes

• spindle aparatus has disassembled and the spindle fibers dissolve

• chromosomes begin to decondense

• nucleolus begins to reform

cytokinesis

• the two identical daughter cells are completely separated

• spindle fibers have completely disappeared

• the chromosomes are completely decondensed and lengthened

• the nucleolus is very distinct

• the nuclear membrane has completely reformed around the chromosomes

spindle

fibers that extend from centrioles to attach to chromosomes

diploid

pairs of chromosomes (2 sets: one from mother, one from father)

produces:

2 daughter cells, identical to the parent cell

~___% of a cell’s life is spent in interphase, ~___% in mitosis

90, 10