Reproduction

Afterbirth

The placenta is expelled from the mother after birth

Amniotic fluid

Fluid surrounding the embryo that acts as a shock absorber and helps maintain a constant temp

anther

the part of the flower that produces pollen

asexual reproduction

a form of reproduction where only one parent produces the offspring

blastocyst

a hollow ball of cells that develop into an embryo

budding

A form of asexual reproduction where the offspring grows from part of the parent’s body

bulb

a swollen underground part of a stem that has fleshy “leaves “ and can grow a new plant

cervix

part of the uterus that keeps it closed while baby is developing

clone

a copy of a particular individual

cloning

the process of producing identical individuals through reproduction

copulation

2 individuals joining together for sexual reproduction

development

changes in form and structure in an individual over its life, from zygote to adult

ejaculation

the process of sperm being squeezed out of the penis

embryo

a developing offspring at a very early stage of development, before major organ systems are formed

fallopian tubes

tubes through which the egg passes and where fertilization occurs

oviducts

another name for fallopian tubes

fertillisation

the joining of gametes

filament

the flower structure holding the anther

fission

asexual reproduction by splitting in two

flower

The reproductive structures in plants that make male sex cells and female sex cells

flower stalk

supports and displays the flower

foetus

the stages of development when most of the major organs and systems are present

fruit

The structure that the ovary of a flowering plant turns into as the seed ripens

gametes

reproductive cells, sperm in males and eggs in females

germination

when the young growing plant sprouts out of the seed

gestation

the time from fertalisation to birth

hermaphrodite

a individual with both female and male sex organs

hormones

chemicals that are produced in the body and control reproduction and physical characteristics

implantation

when the blastocyst burrows into the lining of the uterus

labour

the process leading to birth, from the first contractions of the uterus to the expulsion of the afterbirth

meiosis

the process that forms sex cells, when a cell nucleus divides into 4 nuclei

menstrual cycle

regular monthly changes in the hormones and reproductive organs of an adult female

menstruation

a period

mitosis

when the cell nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei

offspring

individuals produced by reproduction

ovaries (ovary)

organs that produce eggs (or ova)

ovulation

When the egg bursts out of the follicle

ovule

name for the egg in plants

parthenogenesis

a form of reproduction where offspring develop from eggs that have not been fertilised by a male gamete

period

the shedding of blood and dead tissue from the lining of the uterus

menstruation

fancy word for a period means the same thing

petal

coloured parts of the flower that attract animals for pollination

placenta

membranes of the foetus and mother that allow nutrients and oxygen to be exchanged and waste to be removed

foetus

unborn baby

plantlet

small plants on a leaf that can grow into new plants

pollination

transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

puberty

the time of life in humans when physical changes bring sexual maturity

reproduction

the process of parents producing new individuals, offspring

rhizome

un underground stem that grows along underground, sending up new plants at intervals

root sucker

a new plant growing from the roots of an existing plant near the surface

runners

stems that run along the ground surface, forming new plants at regular intervals

scrotum

a sac that hangs outside the body and contains testes

semen

a mixture of sperm and other fluids released from the penis

sepal

small leaf-like structures covering and protecting a flower bud

sexual intercourse

a male and female copulating

sexual reproduction

The process of a sperm and an egg joining together and then growing into a new individual

sperm duct

a tuber carrying sperm from the testes to the urethra

vas deferens

fancy name for sperm duct, means the same

stigma

the flower part that receives the pollen

style

the flower part that connects the stigma to the ovary

testes (plural of testis)

organs that produce sperm

tuber

a swelling on a stem, usually underground, that can grow into a new plant if detached

umbilical cord

joins the embryo to the placenta

uterus

the organ in which the foetus grows and develops

womb

A simpler word for uterus. means the same

vagina

the organ that allows the male penis to be inserted to deposit the sperm, also acts as the birth canal through which the baby passes

vegetative reproduction

natural methods of asexual reproduction used by plants, including bulbs and runners

yield

the amount of the desired part of the plant that is produced from the area planted or the number of plants grown

zygote

the first cell if the new individual after fertilisation