Metaphors and Definitions of Globalization

Flashcards covering definitions, theorists, scapes, and key metaphors (solid, liquid, flows) of globalization from the lecture.

How do Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King define globalization?

Globalization is a process by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society.

How does Anthony Giddens define globalization in 'The Consequences of Modernity'?

Globalization is the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa.

How did Roland Robertson define globalization in 1992?

Globalization is the compression of the world and intensifying the consciousness of the world as a whole.

What is Manfred Steger's scholarly description of globalization?

The expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world time and world space.

In Manfred Steger's definition of globalization, what is the distinction between 'expansion' and 'intensification'?

Expansion refers to creating new social networks and multiplying existing connections across boundaries, while intensification refers to the expansion, stretching, and acceleration of these networks.

How does Manfred Steger differentiate globalization from globalism?

Globalization refers to the broader process of expanding and intensifying global connections, whereas globalism is an ideology—the widespread belief among influential people that global economic integration is beneficial because it spreads freedom and democracy.

What are the five 'scapes' proposed by Arjun Appadurai to explain multiple globalizations?

Ethnoscape, mediascape, technoscape, financescape, and ideoscape.

According to Arjun Appadurai, what does an 'ethnoscape' refer to?

The global movement of people.

According to Arjun Appadurai, what is a 'mediascape'?

The flow of culture.

According to Arjun Appadurai, what does a 'technoscape' denote?

The circulation of mechanical goods and software.

According to Arjun Appadurai, what does a 'financescape' represent?

The global circulation of money.

According to Arjun Appadurai, what is an 'ideoscape'?

The realm where political ideas move around.

What does the conceptual metaphor of 'solidity' refer to in the study of globalization?

Barriers that prevent or make difficult the movement of people, things, information, and places.

What are examples of natural and man-made solids mentioned in the lecture?

Natural solids include landforms and bodies of water; man-made solids include the Great Wall of China, the Berlin Wall, and the Nine-dash line used by the People's Republic of China.

Whose ideas are heavily associated with the concept of 'liquidity' in globalization?

Zygmunt Bauman.

What does 'liquidity' refer to as a metaphor for globalization?

The increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the contemporary world.

According to George Ritzer (2015), what is the most important characteristic of liquid phenomena?

It tends to melt whatever stands in its path, especially solids (such as leading to the decline or death of the nation-state).

How are 'flows' defined in the context of globalization metaphors?

Flows are the movement of people, things, places, and information brought about by the porosity of global limitations.