Copy of Nine things to know about Hinduism and Buddhism
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20 Terms
Varna/Castes
The four major groups in Hinduism into which people are born: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.
Brahmin
The highest caste in Hinduism, consisting of priests.
Kshatriya
The caste of rulers, administrators, and warriors in Hinduism.
Vaishya
The caste of artisans, tradesmen, and merchants in Hinduism.
Shudra
The lowest caste in Hinduism, which consists of laborers.
Dalits
Also known as Out-castes or Untouchables; these are individuals who perform work considered polluted.
Dharma
The concept of duty and moral responsibility in Hinduism.
Karma
The notion that good actions (following dharma) lead to positive outcomes in reincarnation.
Bardo
The intermediate state between death and rebirth in Buddhism.
Samsara
The cycle of life, death, and rebirth in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Nirvana
The ultimate goal in Hinduism and Buddhism where individuality ceases to exist.
Origins of the Buddha
The Buddha was born as a Prince named Siddhartha Gautama in 563 BCE in northern India.
Four Noble Truths
The principles that explain suffering and how to escape it in Buddhism.
Eightfold Path
The path to enlightenment in Buddhism, involving moral living and meditative practices.
The 1st noble truth
Everything in life is suffering and sorrow.
The 2nd Noble Truth
The cause of all this pain is people’s self-centered cravings and desires. People seek pleasure that cannot last and this leads only to rebirth and more suffering
The 3rd noble truth
The way to end all pain is to end all desires
The 4th noble truth
People can overcome their desires and attain enlightenment (Nirvana) by following the Eightfold Path, which involves meditative practices and living a moral life
Who could reach Nirvana in Hinduism?
Only the Brahmin. People of lower castes had to rank up enough good karma to be reborn in a higher caste, until they reached Brahmin
Who could reach Nirvana in Buddhism?
Anyone, with the right training, righteous behavior, and mental effort.