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gingiva, PDL, alveolar bone, cementum

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68 Terms

1

gingiva, PDL, alveolar bone, cementum

components of Periodontium

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2

Marginal gingiva

Surrounds the tooth.

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3

Attached gingiva

Attached to the alveolar bone.

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4

Interdental papilla

Located between teeth

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5

gingivodental, circular, and transseptal fibers

Gingival fibers

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6

alveolar crest, oblique, transeptal, horizontal, interradicular, and apical fibers

PDL fibers

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7

alveolar bone proper (lamina dura), trabecular bone, and compact bone

Alveolar bone components

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8

lamina densa (type IV), cementum (type I and III), PDL (type I and III), and gingival fibers (type I)

collagen fiber locations

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9

Acellular/primary cementum

Found in the cervical third, formed before tooth reaches occlusal plane, more calcified.

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10

Cellular/secondary cementum

Found in the apical third, formed after tooth reaches occlusal plane, less calcified

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11

Keratinized tissue

firm pink tissue that surround teeth

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12

submandibular, submental, upper deep cervical, and lower deep cervical lymph nodes

lymphatic drainage

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13

diabetes, smoking, and pathogenic bacteria

Risk factors

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14

Background characteristics: genetic factors, age, gender, socioeconomic status, and stress

Risk determinants

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15

previous history and bleeding on probing (BOP)

Risk markers

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16

HIV/AIDS, osteoporosis, and infrequent dental visits.

Risk indicators

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17

determine patient's risk of developing or progressing periodontal disease

Goal of risk assessment

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18

Increases prevalence, extent, and severity

Smoking effects on periodontal diseease

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19

E-cigarettes

Considered less harmful than traditional smoking.

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20

Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange

5 A’s of smoking cessation

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21

Direct relationship with periodontitis, especially poorly controlled diabetes

relationship between Diabetes and oral health

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22

oral hairy leukoplakia, oral candidiasis, linear gingival erythema, and Kaposi sarcoma

Oral manifestations of HIV

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23

Continuous absence indicates periodontal stability and health

Bleeding on probing as a risk marker

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24

Day 1 facultative/aerobic, Day 2 anaerobic, Day 14 mature microbiota, 2 years human microbiota.

bacteria colonization timeline

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25

Commensal bacteria

Beneficial bacteria that help control pathogenic bacteria.

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26

Pathogenic bacteria

Disease-causing bacteria.

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27

Plaque

Resilient biofilm of bacteria and salivary glycoproteins, difficult to remove by rinsing.

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Materia alba

Easily displaced white accumulation of salivary proteins and some bacteria.

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29

Calculus

Hard deposit formed by mineralization of plaque, requires dental tools for removal.

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30

Pellicle formation, initial adhesion, colonization, and maturation.

Phases of plaque formation

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31

Supragingival plaque

Aerobic, found on tooth surfaces, contains gram-positive cocci.

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Subgingival plaque

Anaerobic, found in gingiva, contains gram-negative rods and filaments.

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tooth associated subgingival plaque

less filamentous bacteria deeper into sulcus

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tissue associated subgingival plaque

gram neg rods and cocci

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P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola

Red complex bacteria

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36

decrease gingival inflammation decreases bleeding

effect of smoking on gingivitis

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Organized structure, nutrient channels, and bacterial communication.

Biofilm characteristics

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38

salivary flow, saliva aggregation, diet, chewing fibrous food, smoking

individual variables in plaque formation

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39

non-specific plaque hypothesis

accumulation of plaque over time and amount of plaque is key to disease control

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40

faster on low jaw, molars, buccal surface, and interproximally

plaque formation rates in dentition

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41

specific plaque hypothesis

only certain plaque is pathogenic

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42

ecological plaque hypothesis

both total amount of plaque and specific microbe contribute to disease

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keystone plaque hypothesis

specific pathogen in low abundance can disrupt periodontal microbiota

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44

Decrease in red complex bacteria, increase in Actinomyces.

Changes after SRP

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45

Health has more facultative gram-positive rods; disease has more anaerobic gram-negative rods.

Microorganisms in health vs disease

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46

Calculus content

70-90% inorganic, including calcium phosphate and hydroxypatite.

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47

Calculus formation

Begins between the 1st and 14th day of plaque formation, calcification can start as early as 4-8 hours.

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48

Supragingival calculus

above the gingival margin, heaviest near salviary ducts, mineral from saliva, easily removed

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subgingival calculus

not site specific, mineral from GCF and inflammatory infiltrate, proximal surfaces, dense, hard tenacious

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50

stratum corneum, stratum granulosu, sratum spinosum, stratum basale

layers of epithelium

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51

ortho keratinized

no cell nuclei in stratum corneum

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52

para-keratinized

cell nuclei in stratum corneum

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53

non-keratinized

no stratum corneum and no statum granulosum

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54

alveolar crest fiber

1) prevent tooth extrusion, resist lateral tooth movement

<p>1) prevent tooth extrusion, resist lateral tooth movement</p>
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55

oblique fibers

2) bear and transform brunt of vertical masticatory stress

<p>2) bear and transform brunt of vertical masticatory stress</p>
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56

transeptal fibers

3) over the alveolar bone, no osseous attachment

<p>3) over the alveolar bone, no osseous attachment</p>
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apical fibers

6) do not occur on incomplete roots

<p>6) do not occur on incomplete roots</p>
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58

buccal, mucosa, gingva, palate, dorsum of tongue, intraoral and supragingival hard surfaces, subgingival biofilm

oral ecosystem/niches

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oral epithelium

faces oral cavity, gingival margin to MGJ, keratinocytes

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sulcular epithelium

small in health, oral epithelium into sulcus, no stratum corneum or granulosum

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junctional epithelium

attaches gingival epithelium to tooth, allows fluid to pass, defense from bacteria

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keratinocytes

producing tonofilaments and soft tissue renewal

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non-keratinocytes

langerhans cells (antigen-presenting cells), merkel cells (tactile preceptors), melanocyte

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64

horizontal fibers

4

<p>4</p>
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65

interadicular fibers

5

<p>5</p>
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66

alveolar bone proper (lamina dura)

A)dense cortical plate of bone that forms the tooth socket direc tly contacts the tooth root (cribiform plate)

<p>A)dense cortical plate of bone that forms the tooth socket direc tly contacts the tooth root (cribiform plate)</p>
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67

trabecular bone

B) spongy bone supporting alveolar bone

<p>B) spongy bone supporting alveolar bone</p>
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compact bone

C) towards facial formed by haveresian bone and bone lamellae

<p>C) towards facial formed by haveresian bone and bone lamellae</p>
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