Acids, Bases, and Salts

Formula for Sulfuric acid and Hydrochloric acid

H2SO4

HCl

Formula for Nitric acid and Phosphoric acid

HNO3

H3PO4

Acid + Base-->

Salt + Water

What is an acid

A substance that acts as a proton donor in a solution

What is a base

A substance that acts a a proton reciever in a solution

What is a neutralisation reaction?

The reaction between an acid and a base which always involves a proton transfer from the acid to the base

Ionic Dissociation of HCl

HCl--> H+ + Cl-

What is the ionic equation for neutralisation

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) --> H2O (l)

In Ionic equations which substances can be split into sepeate ions and which can be cancelled out.

Every substance that is dissolved in water (aq)

Spectator ions can be cancelled out where the ions appear on both sides

Steps to produce an insoluble salt from two soluble salts

Mix- the two soluble salts

Filter- with filter paper

Wash- with distilled water

Dry- By patting dry with filter paper or leaving in a dry oven

Why is the wash step necessary in insoluble salt prep?

Why use distilled not tap water?

Removes Soluble Impurities

Tap contains dissolved ions, distilled prevents unwanted contamination, and side reactions

What colour does Universal indicator turn in an acid, neutral and base solution

Red

Green

Purple

What colour does Litmus turn in an acid, neutral and base solution

Acid: Red

Neutral: Purple

Base: Blue

What colour does Methyl Orange turn in an acid, neutral and base solution

Red

Orange

Yellow

What colour does Phenolphthalein turn in an acid, neutral and base solution

Colourless

Pale pink

Deep pink

What are alkalis

Bases that are soluble in water

experiment for a soluble salt

Heat- the acid

Excess- add the insoluble reactant in excess

Filter- To remove the excess

Evaporate- 1/2 solution

Dry- Pat dry with filter paper/ warm dry oven

Metal+Acid-->

Salt+hydrogen

Metal+Carbonate-->

Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

Metal + Hydrogencarbonate -->

Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water

Can Hydroxides oxides and ammonia act as bases

Yes