Russian revolution test

Czar Alexander II

Czar of russia, czar from 1855-1881 after he was assassinated, freed the serfs, his son alexander iii became the next czar

Czar nicholas II

The last czar of Russia, 1894-1917 tried to industrialize Russia, put Russia in a bad place during wwi and the russo-japanese war, abdicated the throne after the march revolution in 1917, he and his family were assassinated

Gregory Rasputin

Was a “holy man” of russia at th3 time, became close with the czarina Alexandria, was supposed to heal Alexei of hemophilia, was killed and put in a frozen river, killed by a group of russian noblemen because of his influence on czarina

Joseph Stalin

He was a communist leader with Vladimir Lenin, general secretary of communist party in 1922, gained total control in 1928, led the USSR (Union of soviet socialist republics) in a brutal way for 25 years, turned soviet union to totalitarian, would exile and assassinate his political opponents

Karl Marx

Wrote the communist manifesto and came up with the communism idea, people who were his followers formed the two groups

-menssheviks (moderates)

-bolsheviks (radicals)

They all worked together to overthrow the czar

Leon Trotsky

Communist leader with Vladimir lenin, negotiated the Treaty of Brestlitovsk, led the red army (bolshevik workers and peasants), competed against Stalin after Lenin died, was exiled then assassinated by Stalin

Vladimir Lenin

was influenced by his brothers hanging to rebel, leader if the Bolsheviks after he read the communist manifesto, it worked for him cus he had an engaging personality, he was ruthless and an excellent organizer, he went to western Europe so he wouldnt be arrested by Czar Nicholas II, returned when the czar had abdicated.

Executed the czar and his family, formed the soviet union, redistributed farm land to peasants, used communism

Autocracy

A form of government where one leader has total control

Bolsheviks

Communist Radicals led by Lenin to seize power from the czar during the revolution and civil war, they won the civil war

Capitalism

An economic system where businesses are privately owned as a way of making money, England, the government takes a hands off approach at business dealings

Adam smith: Works cus of

-self interest

-competition

-supply and demand

Censorship

removing/hiding things that hurt their governments reputation and how people see them

Collective farms

A large farm controlled by government, formed by combining many small farms

Command Economy

An economic system where the government makes all the economic decisions

Communism

A classless society, everything distributed equally, workers control the government, all aspects of life controlled

Czar or Tsar

An autocratic ruler of Russia, czarism ended in 1917

Duma

A legislative body in the ruling assembly of Russia and some other republics of the Soviet Union

Indoctrination

Teaching a person/group to accept a set of beliefs uncritically

Mensheviks

A communist group, not as radical as the bolsheviks, who believed that they should gradually push for revolution with collaboration with liberal parties

Pogroms

They prosecuted the Jews because they favored christianity

Proletariat

Workers

Propoganda

state run newspaper and radios to glorify Stalin and his achievements, were supposed to make people like the government and make it seem better then it is

Soviets

Elected workers and soldiers that formed and led the soviet unions government

Totalitarianism

Government that takes TOTAL control, state control over every aspect of life, often begins by a charismatic leader who offers a sense of security to people who are looking for direction in their lives

How did Czar Alexander III and Czar Nicholas II deal with calls for reform?

Repression, reaction, and maintaining autocratic power

How was the Czar viewed by the peasants in Russia

They sometimes saw him as a father figure, but also as an opressor

What were the events that led up to the Russian Revolution and how did they impact the desire for revolution amongst the social classes in Russia?

Events- Impact

1. The Russo-Japanese war (1904) - Humiliated Russia, Major military loss

2. Bloody Sunday (1905) - 1000+ workers killed and wounded, Czar approved the duma

3. WWI (1914-1917) - Russia was unprepared, massive loss and suffering endured

4. Rasputins Influence (1915) - Gained control against the government

5. Womens Strike in Petrograd (1917) - Textile workers asked for bread/fuel and it kicked off a general strike (the march revolution) and led Czar Nicholas to abdicate the throne

What was the result of the March Revolution, Bolshevik Revolution, and Russian Civil War?

They led to the establishment of the Soviet union

What was the purpose of the Great Purge? What was its effect?

It eliminated political opponents of Joseph Stalin and caused fear and distrust for the world or russians

What was the New Economic Policy?

Allowed SOME private ownership of business,

What were the goals/results of the Five Year Plans?

Created by Stalin

Goal: Industrialization, collectivization, central planning, New economic policy

Results: Industrial success, agricultural disaster, human cost

In what ways were the goals of the Russian Revolution achieved or not achieved?

1. Form classless society - YES/NO abolished nobility and established state control, but didnt eliminate class divisions entirely

2. End WWI participation - YES the treaty of brestlitovsk was established and ended participation

3. Dictatorship of workers - NO because power became centralized in the communist party and repression and bureaucracy prevented workers from controlling the state

4. Improve Russian economy- YES new economic policy

5. Modernize and industrialize - YES/NO initially there was disruption but then the 5 year plans rapidly industrialized russia

What are the specific differences between capitalism and communism?

Capitalism favors private ownership, economic motivation and the role of the market. Communism favors collective ownership and equality.

How did Stalin create a totalitarian state in the soviet union?

He united everyone, set goals, demanded loyalty, used police terror, used A LOT of propaganda, business religion and dominated their government.