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85 Terms

1

Biology

The study of living organisms and life processes.

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2

Genes

Segments of DNA that code for proteins.

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3

Cells

The most basic unit of life in organisms.

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4

Homeostasis

The ability to maintain stable internal conditions.

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5

Experimenting

Performing scientific procedures to test hypotheses.

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6

independent variable

The one you change in an experiment

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7

dependent variable

The one you measure in an experiment

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8

control group

The set point of an experiment

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9

Constant

Makes sure you only change one variable

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10

Scientific Method

Process to conclude something

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11

Observation and Research

Systematic observation and recording

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12

Hypothesis

An educated guess on what you think will happen during the experiment phase

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13

Experiment

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis

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14

Analysis

The process or result of identifying the parts of an experiment

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15

Conclusion

Summarizing the collected data from the experiment

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16

Characteristics of living things

What all living things need to be considered living

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17

Response to the environment

an ability to respond to environmental stimuli

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18

Metabolism

the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

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19

Homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment through change in the external environment

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20

Reproduction

production of new organisms and new cells; sexual and a-sexual

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21

DNA

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes for a human

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22

Grow and Develop

Grow means increase in size. Develop means organism changes over the course of its life from birth to death.

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23

Chemistry of Life

chemistry of life

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24

Atom

Smallest unit of matter

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25

Parts of an Atom

protons, neutrons, electrons

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26

Parts of an Atom-Charge

Pro-Positive Neu-Neutral Ele-Negative

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27

Ionic bonds

Donate or Accept Electrons

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28

Covalent bonds

Share Electrons

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29

pH scale

0-14, 7 Neutral

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30

pH Scale-Acid

0-6

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31

pH Scale-Base

8-14

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32

Buffer

Help maintain a stable pH level

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33

Water

H2O, universal solvent

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34

Basic Elements of Life

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

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35

Element

Simplest form of a substance

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36

Lipids

fats, oils, waxes, steroids

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37

Carbs

main source of energy, Sugars and Glycogen

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38

Proteins

Nutrients the body uses to build, last source if energy, Amino Acids and Enzymes

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39

Nucleic Acids

DNA and RNA, Nucleotide

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40

James Hooke

Discovered Cells

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41

Prokaryotes

Cells that do not contain nuclei

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42

Eukaryotes

cells that contain nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

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43

Organelle

specialized structure performs energy production, protein synthesis, or waste processing.

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44

3 parts of a cell

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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45

plasma membrane

A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells

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46

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

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47

Nucleus

A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

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48

Organelles and their functions

Organelles and their functions

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49

Chloroplast

Found only in plants cells-used in photosynthesis

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50

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)

Moves materials from one area of a cell to another

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51

Vacuole

Large membrane bound sac where plants store water

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52

Mitochondria

Makes energy in the form of ATP

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53

Nucleus

The control center - where chromosomes are found

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54

Lysosomes

The recycling centers of cells

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55

Ribosomes

Where proteins are made

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56

Cilia

Hair-like organelles tightly packed on cell surface used fir movement

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57

cell membrane

Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

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58

Active Transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

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59

Passive Transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

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60

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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61

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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62

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

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63

Endocytosis

process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane

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64

Exocytosis

Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material

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65

Hypertonic

The solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell; cell shrinks

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66

Hypotonic

The solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell; cell expands and may burst

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67

Isotonic

The solution has the same concentration of solutes as the inside of the cell; stays the same

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68

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy

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69

Cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

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70

Chlorophyll

A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria

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71

Heterotroph

An organism that cannot make its own food

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72

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

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73

Fermentation

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen; Lactic acid and Alcohol

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74

lactic acid fermentation

the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product

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75

alcohol fermentation

Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide.

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76

Mitosis

Dividing of the nucleus for reproduction

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77

Binary Fission

A form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size

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78

Chromosomes

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids(DNA) and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

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79

Chromatids/Sister chromatids

two identical chromosomes that split and contain the same genetic material

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80

Cytokanesis

division of the cytoplasm

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81

Interphase

period of the cell cycle between cell divisions; cell spends most time; includes G1,S,G2

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82

Prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle fibers form

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83

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

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84

Anaphase

Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

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85

Telophase

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

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