Studied by 5 people
AC
a country that is wealthy and has a wide range of jobs and many services
EDC
a country that is in transition from being LIDC to becoming an AC
LIDC
a country that is poor and has a narrow range of jobs and few services
Economic development
an increase in the total good and services a country produces
Social development
an improvement in human welfare to meet people’s needs
Sustainable development
development to meet people’s needs now without compromising future generations
The north-south divide
geographers divided the world into ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ countries
Brandt line
a line drawn on the world map dividing it into the ‘rich north’ and the ‘poor south’
HDI
human development index - calculated using wealth, health and education. ranges from 0 to 1
Why do you need population for development
more workers
Why do you need climate for development
climate needs to be good for growing clops and for people to live
Why do you need land for development
needs to be suitable for growing crops and building cities
Why do you need natural resources for development
they can be traded and used for manufacturing
Colonialism
european countries controlled much of the world
helped europe to develop but slowed down development in colonies
How do you measure development by wealth
GDP or GNI, GNI/capita
Effects of climate change
sea level rise
natural disasters
warmer
unpredictable weather
Effects of climate change on LIDCs
conflict
migration
poverty
What do ACs sell vs what to LIDCs sell
ACs trade manufactured goods that sell for more, LIDCs sell natural commodities that sell for less
How is debt an obstacle to development
it is a problem for any country that borrows money, but the impact is worse for LIDCs. some countries benefit from debt relief
Political unrest
widespread dissatisfaction with the government in a country
Ethiopia GNI per capita
around $1,000
Ethiopia literacy rate
52%
Ethiopia life expectancy
67 years
Ethiopia internet access
17%
Ethiopia location
East Africa
Just above the equator
Landlocked
Borders five countries
Why is it harder if a country is landlocked
harder to trade with other countries as there isn’t access to a sea port
Ethiopia three sections
western highlands: wet, mountainous, coldest, best for farming but steep
central area: unreliable rainfall, middle temps
eastern lowlands: little & unreliable rain, hottest, livestock here, overuse of soil
How much of Ethiopia population works in agriculture
80%
How much of Ethiopia GDP is agriculture
40%
How much of Ethiopia exports is agriculture
80%
Top export of Ethiopia
coffee
Problem with Ethiopia’s exports
relies on agricultural exports which are dependent on good weather & yield
Which stage of Rostow’s model is Ethiopia in
pre-conditions for take off (manufacture, infrastructure, start of international trade)
Millennium development goals for Ethiopia: eradicate extreme hunger
population living in poverty down to 29%
40% children malnourished
28% population have insufficient access to food
Millennium development goals for Ethiopia: Promote gender equality
unemployment is higher for women, they are still required to do traditional roles
93% girls in primary school
more women working in government
TNC
trans-national corporation - a business that operates all over the world. HQs in ACs and manufacturing in EDCs and LIDCs
Advantages of Hilton hotels in Ethiopia + figures
over 1 mil jobs
around 800k tourists expected
predicted to contribute $2 billion to GDP
economy can diversify
Disadvantages of Hilton hotels in Ethiopia
leakage of profits
tourism/infrastructure isn’t developed
jobs are seasonal, low paid, long hours, unskilled. highest paying jobs go to foreigners
cultural clashes & resentment towards tourism
Aid
assistance given from one country to another
Foreign aid
aid from the government of a coutntry
NGO aid
aid from a NGO
Advantages of aid
rebalances global inequality |
repayment for the benefits ACs got from colonialism |
everyone should have the right to essential resources |
Disadvantages of aid
countries may become dependent on aid |
donors may give to the wrong things |
corrupt government use aid for the wrong things |
What charities work in ethiopia
oxfam, farm africa, mission aviation fellowship
What has debt relief done for ethiopia’s debt
10 bil to $7 bil
How much aid does ethiopia depend on a year
over $500 mil
Top down development
Large scale, advanced, expensive
Require loans
Decisions made by the government
Advantages of Gibe III dam
generates renewable energy to power country & export (earn more than most valuable export)
reduce impact of droughts
flood protection
Disadvantages of Gibe III dam
land lost - homes & farming land
conflict between ethnic groups
loan
Bottom up development
led by locals
run/supported by NGOs
specific, small scale needs
Advantages of goat aid
reduce hunger & poverty
gender equality
positive multiplier effect
Disadvantages of goat aid
population become reliant
benefits few people
cant help GDP/development as a whole
Note 
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