The Brain, Cranial Nerves, and Sensory and Motor Pathways

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the brain structure, function, cranial nerves, and sensory and motor pathways.

Cranial Nerves

Twelve pairs of nerves that originate in the brain and are involved in sensory and motor functions.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, providing support and cushioning.

Medulla Oblongata

Part of the brainstem that controls autonomic functions and relays sensory and motor information.

Pons

Part of the brainstem that links the cerebellum with the rest of the brain and regulates respiration.

Cerebellum

Region of the brain responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and balance.

Diencephalon

Part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus, acting as a relay and processing center for sensory and autonomic functions.

Thalamus

Major relay station for sensory information, which is filtered and sent to appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

Region of the brain that regulates homeostasis, controls the autonomic nervous system, and links to the endocrine system.

Limbic System

Functional grouping of tracts and nuclei that connect the cerebral cortex with autonomic functions, involved in emotions, memory, and motivation.

Basal Nuclei

Group of nuclei in the cerebrum involved in motor control and the regulation of voluntary movements.

Somatic Nervous System

Part of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Reflex Arc

The neural pathway involved in a reflex action, typically consisting of a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A test that detects electrical activity in the brain, used to monitor brain waves.

Spinal Cord

Major conduit for signals between the brain and the body, involved in reflex actions.

Proprioceptors

Receptors that provide information about body position and movement.

Motor Cortex

Area of the cerebral cortex that allows for the planning and execution of voluntary motor functions.

Sensory Cortex

Region of the cerebral cortex that processes sensory input from the body.

Neurological Disorders

Medical conditions that affect the nervous system, including diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis.