ChemH Unit 2 test

What has a oxidation number of 0

lone elements, EX: K, O2, S8

What elements have a predetermined oxidation number

Flourine : -1

Oxygen : -2, expect when with F

Group 1A and 2A elements have a oxidation number of +1 and +2 respectively

Hydrogen : +1 when bonded with nonmetals, -1 when not bonded with nonmetals

What are the types of double replacement reactions

Precipitation - forms a solid(non-aqueous)

Neutralization - forms water & a salt(ion)

Gas-forming - forms H2CO3(aq), which is highly unstable and decomposes to H20(l) & CO2(g)

What kind of compounds are spectator ions

Ionic compounds that are aqueous; they are floating around in the water doing nothing.

How to make a total ionic equation

Turn aqueous ionic compounds into separate ions.

What are strong acids

HCIO4 & HCIO3 - perchloric acid & chloric acid

HCI - Hydrochloric

HBr - hydrobromic

HI - hydroiodic

HNO3 - nitric

H2SO4 - sulfuric

What are strong bases

1A and 2A Hydroxides, EX: LiOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, etc.

Mg and Be are excluded; they dont dissolve well

What are the types of reactions

Combination(synthesis)

Decomposition

combustion - products are CO2 and H2O

Single Replacement

Double Replacement

How to calculate molarity

Moles of solute/liters of solution

How to determine redox

a change in oxidation numbers for 2 of the elements in the reaction

What are oxidize and reduction

oxidize= loses electrons, gains a more positive charge

reduction= gains electrons, gains a more negative charge

Can nonmetals be involved in a single replacement

yes, they replace the other nonmetal.

What does STP mean

Standard Temp. and Pressure

273.15 K and pressure of 1.00 atm

22.4 L for 1 mol of gas