CHEM 2311 - Exam 4

addition, NMR, multistep synthesis

In addition reactions, the alkene acts as a:

nucleophile

Markovnikov’s Rule

the hydrogen will be added to the carbon that already has the most hydrogen atoms

Formation of a carbocation is the ____ step and _____

Formation of a carbocation is the slow step and rate determining step

Alkene + HBr + ROOR

Anti-Markovnikov product

hydration addition with rearrangement conditions

alkene + 3º carbon next to alkene + H₃0

hydration addition - anti-Markovnikov conditions

1. BH₃ / THF

2. HO^-, H₂O₂, H₂O

hydration addition - Markovnikov no rearrangement conditions

1. Hg(OAc)₂, H₂O

2. NaBH₄

H₂SO₄ + H₂O becomes a reaction with ___

H₃O⁺ + (unused HSO₄^-)

pentane ring with alkene one carbon away + H2SO4 + R

Leads to ring expansion to get to more stable hexane ring, where R group joins on most stable carbocation

move functional group to end:

hoffman product, anti-markovnikov

move functional group to middle:

zaitsev product, markovnikov

Something from nothing

radical addition, hoffman, double bond

alkene to alkyne

1. Cl2, CCl4

2. NaNH2, NH3

alkyne to COOH

SN2

alkene to alkane

alkyne to alkane