102 Block 5

what is poor judgement chain

Series of mistakes that may lead to an accident 

what is single resource management

The effective use, by a single pilot, to use all resources available to achieve safe and efficient flight operations 

what is the PAVE model

Pilot, Aircraft, Environment, External Pressures

What is SODA

statement of demonstrated ability

what is hypoxia

Lack of sufficient oxygen in the body to the point where function is impaired 

what are the four forms of hypoxia

hypoxic, hypemic, histotoxic, and stagnant

what is hypoxic hypoxia

* Result of insufficient oxygen avaliablw to the body 
* High altitudes 
* Choking and drowning 
* Corrective actions - Lower altitude 

what is hypemic hypoxia

* The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced 
* Oxygen deficiency in the blood 
* Blood loss 
* Anemia 


* Carbon monoxide poisoning 
* Corrective – donation wait times 

what is histotoxic hypoxia

* Poisoned tissue cells cant carry oxygen 
* Alcohol and drugs 


* Correction – use supplemental oxygen 

What is Stagnant hypoxia

* Oxygen deficiency due to impaired circulation 
* Pulling Gs 
* Corrective – g suits, use supplemental oxygen, breathing techniques 

what is cyanosis

blue fingernails and lips

what are some symptoms of hypoxia

* Blue fingernails and lips (cyanosis) 
* Headache 
* Euphoria 
* Visual impairment 


* Drowsiness 
* Lightheaded 
* Tingling in fingers and toes 
* Numbness 

what is EPT

effective performance time

definition of EPT

Amount of time from loss of adequate oxygen partial pressure in which an individual can preform effectively 

Things that effect EPT

* Altitude – higher, shorter 
* Rate of ascent – increase rate, decrease ept 
* Physical activity – exercise decrease ept 

what is hyperventilation

* Respiration that is too rapid and/or deep for current activity 


* Loss of carbon dioxide 

symptoms of hyperventilation

* Dizzy 
* Hot and cold sensation 
* Nausea 
* Sleepiness 

corrective actions for hyperventilation

* Get on oxygen 
* Slow breathing 

what is decompression sickness

* Caused by nitrogen gas coming out of solution in your body 
* Bubbles are formed 


* Bubbles can cause pain or disability due to hypoxia 
* Rapid decompression 

treatment to decompression sickness

* Get on oxygen 
* Repressurize by descent or pressure chamber 

what is the scuba dive hours to fly

Not staggered

12 below 8000 24 above 8000

Staggered

24 above and below 8000

how to fix an ear block

* Swallow, yawn, tense throat 


* Ascend until pain resolves, then use a slower decent 

what is carbon monoxide poisoning

Colorless, odorless and tasteless gas 

carbon monoxide poisoning causes

* Leaky heater 
* Smoking 
* Smoke from fire

carbon monoxide poisoning symptoms

* Uneasy feeling 
* Mental confusion 
* Dizzy 
* Light-headedness 


* Headache 

what sense provides the most orientation

visual

what is disorientation

state of confusion due to misleading info being sent to the brain

why do the leans happen

slow shallow bank

abruptly correcting to straight and level

what happens in the leans

* Mind senses it is turing 


* Pilot goes back to original bank or leans in the cockpit 

what is Coriolis illusion

abrupt head movement

Laying on the couch for too long, getting up to fast 

what happenings during Coriolis illusions

Pilot thinks aircraft is doing maneuvers, it is not 

what is a graveyard spin

* Prolonged spin 
* Fluid stops 
* Pilot reenters spin 

what is a graveyard spiral

* Prolonged turn 
* Fluid stops 
* Not turning sensation 
* Mind senses level descent 


* Pilot pulls back tightening the spiral 

what is inversion illusion

* Abrupt change from climb to straight and level 
* Pilot pushes nose down 

what is somatotropic

Rapid acceleration or deceleration

sense that you are going up or down

how long does it take eyes to adjust to night time

30 minutes

runway illusion - wide runway

feels closer

will be lower down

runway illusion - narrow runway

feels farther away

will be higher up

runway illusion - upsloping runway

illusion of farther away

pilot will be higher up

runway illusion - downsloping

feels closer

will be lower down

optical illusion - over water/featureless terrain

* Makes pilot to fly lower than normal 


* Black hole approach 

what is a false horizon

Lighting from sky v terrain gives pilot misleading cue 

what are the symptoms of motion sickness

* Sick to stomach 
* Dizzy 
* Pale 
* Sweating 
* Quiet 

what are the solutions to motion sickness

* Time of day 
* Altitude 
* Open fresh air vents 
* Food 


* Water 
* Look outside at something not moving 

what does dehydration impact

* Decreased coordination 
* Fatigue 

when do you need to use oxygen - day

10\.000

when do you need to use oxygen - night

5\.000

where does weather happen

troposphere

what is convection

warm air rises and replaced by cooler air

low pressure system

counterclockwise

Cyclonic flow

Upward motion of air

Get clouds

high pressure system

Clockwise

Anticyclonic flow

Downward motion of air

Pretty good weather

where is the usually out of in GFK

canada

north/northwest

what is sea breeze

* Blows from cool water to warmer land 
* Increases in afternoon as temperatures increases 
* Over land air rises  

what is land breeze

* Night land cools water warm 


* Breeze blow from cooler land to warmer water 
* Not as strong as sea breeze 

what is low-level wind shear

Sudden and drastic change in windspeed and/or direction over a small area 

where does low level wind shear happen

any altitude

dangerous close to the ground and approach for landing

what are isobars and pressure gradients

Lines of equal pressure 

what do tighter lines mean for isobars

lower pressure and windy

what is stability

Atmospheric resistance to vertical motion

stable air resists

what is a temperature inversion

temperature increases with altitude

occurs with stable air with little to no turbulence

acts as a “cap” for weather and pollutants

what will happen in low clouds

bumpy weather and pick up a lot of icing

what will happen in middle clouds

less icing and turbulence then low clouds

what will happen in high clouds

poses no real icing and turbulence threat

what is vertical development clouds

turbulence

filled with water

what is verga

raining aloft but not at the surface

air mass from the gulf

warm and moist

air mass from canada

cold and dry

what is a front

leading edge of air mass

weather change means front just came through

what happens during a cold front

warm air is pushed up

you get weather and thunderstorms

what happens during a warm front

warm air taking over cold air

what is a stationary front

no movement

what is an occluded front

two fronts join together

there will be turbulence

what is the humidity in fog

high humidity

what is radiation fog

Day surface is heated by sun, cools at high 

what is advection fog

Low layer of warm air, moist air loves over a cooler surface 

what is steam fog

* On the water 
* Cold air over cold water 

what is upslope fog

* Moist air is being cooled as it moves up sloped terrain 
* Dissipates with wind 

what are three things thunderstorm needs

lifting, moisture, unstable

3 stages of a thunderstorm

cumulus, mature, dissipated

when will it start raining in a thunderstorm

mature stage

what is mechanical turbulence

* Obscured by obstacles 
* Trees buildings 

what is convective turbulence

Earth is heated up air moves up 

what is a microburst

* Sudden downdraft 
* Will shut down an airport 


* Rarely an excess of 15 minutes 

what are the different type of icing

glaze, rime, and mixed

what is a METAR - SPECI

* Will come out when there is a different weather 


* VC – vicinity between 5 and 10 miles 

what is a PIREP

Weather observations made by pilots 

what is an AIRMET

Issued for IFR, Moderate turbulence, moderate icing 

IFR AIRMET

Sierra

Turbulence AIRMET

Tango

Icing AIRMET

Zulu

what is a SIGMET

Severe icing, severe turbulence 

what is a convective SIGMET

Severe thunderstorm

Embedded thunderstorms

how to find Wind Aloft

if first number 7 or 6, subtract 50 from wind direction and add 100 to wind velocity

wind aloft - doesnt give temp at what altitude

2500 above the surface and down

wind aloft - doesnt give wind at what altitude

1500 above the surface and down

what color is marginal VFR

blue