Colonial America HN US 1 Study Guide

Spains Primary Goals

Getting rich by Gold and Silver, and spreading Christianity

Key Systems (Spain)

Encomienda System which granted land and forced labor from Native Americans to Spanish Colonists

Major Conflicts (Spain)

Pueblo Revolt of 1680 which allowed Pueblo people regain cultural independence from Spanish Rule and AFTER the revolt the Spanish allowed greater religious freedom and cultural practices/tolerances.

France’s primary focus

Trade alliances and intermarriages with Native Americans

Economic Activities (France)

Trade (fur) and formed alliances with Natives

Netherlands (Dutch) characteristics

Trade alliances and intermarriages with Native Americans

England/Britains unique features

Established large, SEPARATE communities apart from Natives. First permanent settlement was Jamestown

English Colonial Regions (Chesapeake Colonies(Virginia, Maryland))

Economy: Tobacco 

Labor: Relied on indentured servants and slaves

Government: Virginia House of Burgesses, example of first form of self government

New England Colonies Characteristics:

Developed around religion and small towns with a diverse economy

Power centered in local gov, religious leaders, communities

Different from Chesapeake because they thrive on agriculture and strict religious beliefs

Middle Colonies are known for:

Flourishing agriculture economy based on cereal crops

Cultural diversity

Southern Colonies (South Carolina, North Carolina)

Key Crop: Tobacco (From enslaved Africans labor)

Culture: Gullah (Developed from blending African traditions

Triangular Trade system involved:

Slaves

British items (Guns, Rum, etc)

American cash crops

Navigation Acts

Purpose: Restrict Colonial trade to benefit ENGLAND

Colonial Response: Often resulted in strict enforcement by British authorities

European Impact on Native Americans

Intro to smallpox/yellow fever = less native population

cultural changes: Europeans goods led to economic and cultural changes

Metacom’s War (King Phillips War)

Fought over land and resources

formed alliances with natives

Chattel Slavery

Enslaved individuals with no basic rights and defined as property

Virginia Slave Codes

Established a legal framework for slavery and a racial hierarchy

Stono Rebellion

One of the largest slave rebellions in the British colonies

Forms of Covert Resistance

Work Slows Down

Religious Practice

Forms of Overt Resistance

Violent Rebellion

Escaping

Maroon Communities

Colonies of escaped slaves who sought freedom

The great awakening contributed to:

Spread of religious tolerance/pluralism and democratic issues

Anglicization definition:

The alignment with English ideals and cultural norms

Enlightenment thinker

John Locke influenced colonial leaders

Enlightenment ideas

Natural rights and government by consent

Proclamation of 1763

Restrict colonial expansion beyond the west of Appalachian mountains

Sources of Colonial Resistance influenced by:

Tradition of Self Government

Enlightenment ideas

Mercantilist Policies Colonial Response:

Often resulted in economic and political resistance

Encomienda System

Triangular Trade

The trade system where Europeans goods were traded for African slaves who were then transported to the Americas and in result were traded for commodities that would get shipped back to Europe.

Chattel Slavery

Slaves were considered products rather than people and had little to no rights (No basic rights)

Great Awakening

It contributed to the spread of religious tolerance/pluralism and democratic issues