Theory of Evolution & Natural Selection

Flashcards based on key concepts and terms from the Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection lecture to aid in exam preparation.

What is the definition of evolution according to Dr. Adalvan Martins?

Evolution is the ongoing process where all life has evolved and diversified from a common ancestor.

Who reintroduced the idea of animal evolution in the 18th century?

Georges-Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon.

What is the significance of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in evolutionary theory?

They independently introduced the concept of natural selection to explain the evolution of species.

What does the term 'natural selection' refer to?

Natural selection refers to the process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

What is the misconception about individuals evolving according to natural selection?

Individuals themselves do not evolve; natural selection works with heritable traits across generations.

What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?

Natural selection is a biological process driven by environmental pressures, while artificial selection is a deliberate process driven by humans.

How does genetic drift occur?

Genetic drift can occur due to natural disasters, geographic isolation, and diseases.

What are homologous structures?

Homologous structures are similar anatomical features that indicate a common ancestor, such as the arm structures of humans and whales.

What are analogous structures?

Analogous structures are features that serve similar functions in unrelated species, such as the wings of bats and insects.

What evidence supports the theory of evolution according to the lecture?

Evidence includes the fossil record, comparative anatomy, biogeography, and DNA sequencing.