Practical Histology – Second-Year Medical Students

A comprehensive set of fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key histological structures, epithelia, special cells, and functional highlights from the lecture notes.

The outer (cutaneous) surface of the lip is lined by __ epithelium.

stratified squamous keratinized

The inner (mucous) surface of the lip is lined by __ epithelium.

stratified squamous non-keratinized

The transition (vermillion) zone of the lip lacks __ and sweat glands.

hair follicles

Fungiform papillae are covered by __ epithelium.

stratified squamous non-keratinized

Taste buds on fungiform papillae are found mainly on the __ surface.

upper

Foliate papillae possess numerous taste buds along their __ borders.

lateral

The deep trench around a circumvallate papilla houses __ glands.

von Ebner’s serous

The esophageal mucosa is lined by __ epithelium.

stratified squamous non-keratinized

Esophageal submucosa contains __ glands.

esophageal (mucous)

At the cardio-esophageal junction, stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by __ epithelium.

simple columnar

Fundic stomach surface epithelium is __.

simple columnar mucous

Fundic glands are classified as __ tubular glands.

simple branched

Parietal (oxyntic) cells in the stomach secrete __ acid.

hydrochloric

Pyloric stomach has __ and long gastric pits.

wide

Brunner’s glands are located in the __ of the duodenum.

submucosa

Duodenal villi are typically broad and __-like.

leaf

Jejunal villi are long and __ shaped.

tongue

Peyer’s patches are characteristic of the __.

ileum

The colonic mucosa lacks __ but contains numerous crypts.

villi

The appendix shows abundant lymphoid nodules in the __ and submucosa.

lamina propria

At the recto-anal junction, simple columnar epithelium changes to __ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The internal anal sphincter is formed by thickening of the __ muscle layer.

inner circular

Parotid gland parenchyma is composed purely of __ acini.

serous

Submandibular gland contains mixed acini with __ demilunes.

serous

Sublingual gland is mixed but predominantly __.

mucous

Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas represent its __ portion.

endocrine

Centroacinar cells belong to __ ducts.

intercalated

A classical hepatic lobule is organized around a central __.

vein

Kupffer cells are specialized __ in hepatic sinusoids.

macrophages

The portal triad contains a branch of the bile duct, portal vein, and __.

hepatic artery

Gallbladder mucosa is highly folded and lacks a distinct __.

submucosa

In the adrenal cortex, the zona __ lies just beneath the capsule.

glomerulosa

The largest cortical layer of the adrenal gland is the zona __.

fasciculata

Chromaffin cells are located in the adrenal __.

medulla

Chromophobe cells of the pars distalis stain __ than chromophils.

paler

Thyroid follicles are lined by __ epithelium when inactive.

simple cuboidal

Parafollicular (C) cells secrete the hormone __.

calcitonin

Chief cells of the parathyroid produce __.

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Pinealocytes are supported by glial cells known as __.

astrocytes

Melatonin is secreted by the __ gland.

pineal

A mature (Graafian) follicle contains a fluid-filled cavity called the __.

antrum

The oocyte in a mature follicle is surrounded immediately by the __.

zona pellucida

Granulosa lutein cells occupy the __ of the corpus luteum.

inner, larger

Fallopian tube epithelium consists of ciliated and non-ciliated __ cells.

simple columnar

During the proliferative phase, uterine glands are __ in shape.

straight

During the secretory phase, uterine glands become highly __ and filled with secretion.

coiled

Placental villi are covered externally by __ layer of trophoblast.

syncytiotrophoblast

A resting mammary gland contains ducts but lacks active __ units.

secretory (alveolar)

Lactating mammary alveoli are lined by __ epithelium.

simple cuboidal

Vaginal epithelium is __ stratified squamous.

non-keratinized

Seminiferous tubules are lined by stratified __ epithelium.

germinal

Interstitial (Leydig) cells secrete the hormone __.

testosterone

Epididymal epithelium is pseudostratified columnar with long __.

stereocilia

The vas deferens wall contains __ layers of smooth muscle.

three

Seminal vesicle mucosa displays highly __ folds.

branched (primary & secondary)

Prostatic concretions within acini are called __.

corpora amylacea

Penile erectile tissue is surrounded by dense CT called __.

tunica albuginea

Renal corpuscles consist of a glomerulus and __ capsule.

Bowman’s

Proximal convoluted tubules have a __ lumen due to tall cells.

narrow

Ureter mucosa is lined by __ epithelium.

transitional

The urinary bladder muscular wall has an inner longitudinal, middle circular, and __ longitudinal layer.

outer

Pacinian corpuscles respond primarily to __ pressure and vibration.

deep

Meissner’s corpuscles are located in dermal papillae and detect __ touch.

light

Olfactory mucosa lacks __ cells found in respiratory epithelium.

goblet

Bowman’s glands in olfactory mucosa are classified as __ glands.

serous

In the crista ampullaris, hair cells are covered by a gelatinous structure called the __.

cupula

The organ of Corti rests on the __ membrane.

basilar

Outer and inner hair cells in the cochlea are topped by the __ membrane.

tectorial

Corneal transparency relies on the regular arrangement of collagen in the __.

stroma (substantia propria)

Descemet’s membrane forms the basement membrane of corneal __.

endothelium

The retina’s layer containing photoreceptor nuclei is the __ nuclear layer.

outer

Cervical spinal cord has thin dorsal horns and prominent __ horns.

ventral

Thoracic spinal cord contains lateral horns housing __ neurons.

sympathetic preganglionic

Lumbar spinal cord possesses very little __ matter.

white

Sensory decussation in the medulla is formed by crossing __ fibers.

internal arcuate

The fourth ventricle opens on the dorsal surface of the __ medulla.

open (upper)

Middle cerebellar peduncles are characteristic of the __ level of the pons.

inferior

Decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle occurs in the __ midbrain.

inferior

In cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cell bodies form a single layer between molecular and __ layers.

granular

Layer V of the cerebral cortex is the __ pyramidal layer.

internal

Thick skin lacks __ and sebaceous glands.

hair follicles

Thin skin contains hair follicles and associated __ glands.

sebaceous

Melanin pigment granules are prominent in __ skin.

negroid

Hair follicle internal root sheath is covered externally by the __ epithelial root sheath.

external

Zona reticularis cells in adrenal cortex form __ cords.

anastomosing

Pars nervosa of the pituitary contains nerve fibers and structures called __ bodies.

Herring

Oxyphil cells in the parathyroid are larger and have __ cytoplasm.

acidophilic

Placental maternal part is known as the __ basalis.

decidua

Corpus luteum is surrounded by a __ capsule.

fibrous

Bile flows from hepatocytes toward the portal triad through __ canaliculi.

bile

The muscularis externa of the colon has outer longitudinal bands called __ coli (noted grossly).

taeniae

Centroacinar cells mark the beginning of pancreatic __ ducts.

intercalated

Brunner’s glands secrete alkaline mucus to neutralize __ chyme.

gastric acidic

Goblet cell numbers __ along the small intestine toward the ileum.

increase

The internal anal sphincter consists of __ muscle.

smooth

Kupffer cells remove aged __ and debris from blood.

erythrocytes

The endocrine pancreas releases insulin from __ cells.

beta

Zona glomerulosa primarily secretes the hormone __.

aldosterone

Sertoli cells support and nourish developing __.

spermatogenic cells

Leydig cells lie in the __ tissue between seminiferous tubules.

interstitial