Human Systems: the cell quiz

how many different types of cells in human body?

200

cytology

the study of cells

what is the largest human cell

oocyte (120 micrometers)

8 functions of cells

covering, lining, storage, movement, connection, defense, communication, and reproduction

3 main components of the human cell

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Plasma membrane

outermost layer

cytoplasm

includes everything between the membrane and the nucleus

cytosol (cytoplasm)

intracellular fluid

inclusions (cytoplasm)

some cells store chemicals within the cytosol

organelles

tiny structures with a specific function, their ratio will vary depending on their function

non-membrane bound organelles

free ribosomes, bound ribosomes, centrosome, proteasome, and cytoskeleton

membrane bound organelles

rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, peroxisome, and lysosome

nucleus contains:

nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and nuclear pores

nuclear envelope

membrane for the nucleus controlling permeability of the nucleus

nucleoplasm

fluid in nucleus

nucleolus

RNA, enzyme and protein

nuclear pores

passageway for materials and fluids moving into and out of the nucleus

general functions of human body cell

obtain nutrients, produce energy, make proteins, remove wastes, grow and reproduce, respond to environment, and maintain homeostasis

main components of plasma membrane

phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, gylcolipids, glycoproteins, and carbs

phospholipids

form main bilayer

cholesterol

helps maintain membrane stability and flexibility

proteins

transport substances, receive signals, etc

glycolipids

lipids w carbohydrate groups attached

glycoproteins

proteins with carbohydrate groups attached

carbohydrates

involved in cell recognition and communication

organelles found in..

cytoplasm

membrane bound orgs ex

nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi apparatis, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and vesicles

non membrane bound ex

ribosomes, centrosomes and cytoskeleton

nucleus function

cell control center, stores DNA and helps control cell activities

main components of nucleus

nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nucleolus