fundamentals lab

z track method is used for what type of injections

Intramuscular (IM)

why do we use the z track method

to make sure that the medication doesn’t leak into the subcutaneous tissue

what is the needle length and gauge used for IM injection

needle length: 1 to 1.5 inches

gauge: 20-25G

what are the IM injection sites

deltoid (upper arm), vastus lateralis (thigh), ventrogluteal (hip)

what degree angle should an IM injection be administered?

90 degree angle

what degree angle should a subcutaneous injection be administered at?

45 or 90 degree angle

method for administering subcutaneous injections?

pinching

needle length and gauge for subcutaneous injections

needle length: 5/8 or 3/8 to 1 inch

gauge: 25-30 G

if you have a shorter needle for a subcutaneous injection, what degree angle what would you choose to inject

90 degree angle

injection sites for subcutaneous injections

upper arm, abdomen, anterior thigh, upper back, near buttocks

insulin and heparin are usually given..

subcutanenously

injection sites for intradermal

forearms

intradermal degree angle at which the medication should be administered

5-15 degrees

needle length and gauge for intradermal

needle length: ⅜” to ½

26 or 27 Gauge

method for intradermal injection

taut

rectal suppositories are adminstered

3 - 4 inches

what is the maximum amount of fluid that can be injected into the muscle

5mL

types of restraints

hand mitts, restraint to bed frame or wheelchair, seclusion

why do we pad bony prominences for restraints

to prevent pressure injuries

for restraints, how many fingers should be between the patient and the restraint

2

why should we not have all 4 bed rails up

considered entrapment

we remove restraints every 2 hours for

nutrition, ROM and toileting

the cushion of hand mitts should have the patients

palm of the hand facing it

what kind of patient condition should we never put into restraints

someone having a seizure

restraints can’t be done without

a doctor’s order

3 checks for medication administration

read it when you reach for it, read it when you compare it to the EMAR, and before you give it to the patient.

rights of medication

patients, do, really, read the drug rules.

right patient (name and DOB (double identifiers)

right drug (check med label and EMAR)

right route (oral, IV, IM, ID, etc)

right time (frequency of when to take meds)

right documentation (document it, or it didn’t happen)

right to refuse (patient can refuse meds!)

examples when to use airborne precautions

when a patient has SARS, COVID, TB, rubella, varicella

examples of when to use contact precautions

when a patient has clostridium difficile or norovirus, when in fecal incontinence, bodily fluid exposure or norovirus or

examples of when to use droplet precautions

coronavirus, common cold, mumps, influenza, pertussis, diphtheria, rubella

bedside skincare/bathing products in hospital setting

bathing wipes, bathing cloths, body foam, clorhexdine gluconate, no rinse body wash and shampoo