Nursing 3366 Pathologic Processes: Disorders of the Endocrine System

These flashcards cover the key concepts from the lecture on disorders of the endocrine system, focusing on the functions, disorders, and treatment implications relevant to nursing.

What is the role of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

known as the master gland, secretes hormones that control other glands in the endocrine system.

What condition is characterized by the undersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is characterized by the undersecretion of ADH.

What are the signs and symptoms of diabetes insipidus?

Signs and symptoms include polyuria (huge amounts of dilute urine), excessive thirst, dehydration, and high serum osmolality.

What is hyperthyroidism and what is its most common cause?

Excess production of T3 and T4; the most common cause is Graves disease.

What are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Common symptoms include nervousness, irritability, weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, and goiter.

What is hypothyroidism and how is it diagnosed?

Hypothyroidism is the deficient production of T3 and T4; diagnosis involves low serum T4 and high serum TSH levels.

What characterizes Cushing's syndrome?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by excessive cortisol production, leading to symptoms like weight gain, hypertension, and skin changes.

What is the role of calcitonin in calcium regulation?

Calcitonin lowers serum calcium levels by facilitating the movement of calcium from blood into bone.

What is the difference osteopenia between and osteoporosis?

One refers to lower-than-normal bone density, while the other refers to significantly reduced bone density, increasing fracture risk.

What treatment options are available for hypothyroidism?

Levothyroxine (Synthroid), a synthetic thyroid hormone, is the most common treatment for hypothyroidism.

What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

PTH is released in response to low serum calcium levels.

What are the potential complications of untreated hypercalcemia?

Complications include kidney stones, muscle weakness, renal failure, and cardiac arrhythmias.

How does negative feedback function in the endocrine system?

prevents hormone overproduction by inhibiting the secreting gland when hormone levels are high and stimulating it when levels are low.

What signs and symptoms may indicate a myxedema coma?

Severe lethargy, hypotension, hypothermia, and respiratory failure.

How does menopause affect calcium balance and bone density?

Menopause leads to decreased estrogen levels, which increases osteoclastic activity, resulting in reduced bone density and higher fracture risk.