Gi system drugs

GI tract

small and large intestine

pharynx

oral cavity

stomach

rectal and anal canal

oesophagus

Accessory organs

teeth

tongue

salivary glands

liver

pancreas

gall bladder

Antacids

neutralise stomach acid and provide relief from heartburn and indigestion

Antacids eg

Aluminium hydroxide

Calciym carbonate

Magnesium hydroxide

Aluminium hydoxide mechanism of action

Aluminium hydoxide indications

Aluminium hydoxide side effects

Aluminium hydoxide nursing responsibilities

Aluminium hydoxide health teaching

calcium carbonate mechanism of action

calcium carbonate indications

calcium carbonate side effects

calcium carbonate nursing responsibilities

calcium carbonate health teaching

Magnesium hydroxide mechanism of action

used as a laxitive
The suspension of magnesium hydroxide is ingested and enters the stomach. According to the amount ingested, the magnesium hydroxide will either act as an antacid or a laxative.

Magnesium hydroxide indications

As an antacid, it is used for the temporary relief of heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach or acid indigestion.

As a laxative, it is used for the relief of occasional constipation by promoting bowel movements​

Magnesium hydroxide side effects

drowsiness or flushing (warmth, redness or tingly feeling).

Daily use of magnesium hydroxide can result in fluid and electrolyte disturbances.

Excessive use of the laxative effects of magnesium hydroxide may result in abdominal cramping, nausea and/or diarrhea.

Magnesium hydroxide nursing responsibilities

monitor bowel movements

Magnesium hydroxide health teaching

hydration

diet

H2 receptor antagonists

a class of medications that reduce stomach acid production by blocking the H2 histamine receptors in the stomach lining

H2 receptor antagonists eg

Famotidine,cimetidine,ranitidine

Famotidine mechanism of action

Famotidine indications

Famotidine side effects

Famotidine nursing responsibilities

Famotidine health teaching

cimetidine mechanism of action

cimetidine indications

cimetidine side effects

cimetidine nursing responsibilities

cimetidine health teaching

ranitidine mechanism of action

Ranitidine is a medicine that reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes.

ranitidine indications

it was used for indigestion, heartburn and acid reflux, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD – this is when you keep getting acid reflux), and to prevent and treat stomach ulcers.

ranitidine side effects

Constipation; diarrhoea; dizziness; fatigue; headache; myalgia; skin reactions.

ranitidine nursing responsibilities

monitor hydration food levels

ranitidine health teaching

medication use

drug interactions

PPI

a type of medication that reduces stomach acid production

PPIS eg

Omeprazole

Lansoprazole

Esomeprazole

Omeprazole mechanism of action

Omeprazole indications

Omeprazole side effects

Omeprazole nursing responsibilities

Omeprazole health teaching

Lansoprazole mechanism of action

Lansoprazole indications

Lansoprazole side effects

Lansoprazole nursing responsibilities

Lansoprazole health teaching

Esomeprazole mechanism of action

the usual dose to treat:

• heartburn and acid reflux is 20mg a day

• gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Esomeprazole indications

to treat conditions where there is too much acid in the stomach

Esomeprazole side effects

• Headaches. Make sure you rest and drink plenty of fluids. ...

• Feeling sick. Try taking esomeprazole with or after a meal or snack. ...

• Being sick. Take, small, frequent sips of water to avoid dehydration. ...

• Diarrhoea. ...

• Constipation. ...

• Stomach pain. ...

• Farting (flatulence)

Esomeprazole nursing responsibilites

monitor fluids

bowels

Esomeprazole health teaching

monitor on drug dosage

interactions

timing

Antiemetics

help prevent and treat nausea and vomiting.

Antiemetics eg

Ondansetron,metoclopramide,prochlorperaxine

Ondansetron mechanism of action

Ondansetron indications

Ondansetron side effects

Ondansetron nursing responsibilities

Ondansetron health teaching

metoclopramide mechanism of action

metoclopramide indications

metoclopramide side effects

metoclopramide nursing responsibility

metoclopramide health teaching

prochlorperaxine mechanism of action

prochlorperazine mainly blocks D2 dopamine receptors in the brain. It can also block histaminergic, cholinergic, and noradrenergic receptors.

prochlorperaxine indications

to treat nervous, emotional, and mental conditions (eg, schizophrenia) and non-psychotic anxiety. It is also used to control severe nausea and vomiting.

prochlorperaxine side effects

Feeling sleepy or drowsy. Do not drive, cycle or use tools or machinery. ...

• Blurred vision. Do not drive, cycle or use tools or machinery while this is happening. ...

• Dry mouth. Try chewing sugar-free gum or sucking sugar-free sweets.

• Headaches. ...

• Stuffy nose.

prochlorperaxine nursing responsibilities

• Monitor BP (sitting, standing, lying down), ECG, pulse, and respiratory rate before and frequently during the period of dosage adjustment. May cause Q-wave and T-wave changes in ECG. ...

• Assess for falls risk. ...

• Antiemetic: Assess patient for nausea and vomiting before and 30–60 min after administration.

prochlorperaxine health teaching

medication use

side effects

avoid alcohol

drug interactions

Laxatives

relief constipation and promote bowel movement

Laxatives eg

Lactulose,senna,bisacodyl

Lactulose mechanism of action

Lactulose indications

Lactulose side effects

Lactulose nursing responsibilities

Lactulose health teaching

senna mechanism of action

senna indications

senna side effects

senna nursing responsibility

senna health teaching

bisacodyl mechanism of action

This type of medicine can help you empty your bowels if you have difficulty pooing (constipation).

Bisacodyl is also used in hospitals to help you empty your bowels before surgery or some examinations or treatments. Your hospital will explain how to use it.

bisacodyl indications

treat constipation

bisacodyl side effects

• Feeling sick (nausea) Try taking bisacodyl with some food. ...

• Diarrhoea. Stop taking bisacodyl and drink plenty of fluids, such as water or squash. ...

• Stomach pain or cramps. Reduce your dose of bisacodyl or stop taking it until these side effects go away.

bisacodyl nursing responsibilities

May lead to hypokalemia. • May cause abdominal pain and cramps

monitor assessment

adminstration

bisacodyl health teaching

monitor diet

monitor stool

drug interactions

anti diarrhoea med

loperamide

Loperamide mechanism

Loperamide indications

Loperamide side effects

Loperamide nursing responsibility

Loperamide health teacing