ANATOMY EXAM TWO PART 1

tissues definiton

microscopic anatomy

4 types of tissue

connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous

all cells differ by 3 things

cell type, cell function, cell: matrix ratio

epithelial tissue:

boundary btwn body compartments or btwn the bodythe body + outside environment

Epithelial tissue features:

line all body’s surfaces (external, cavities, tracts (tubing), blood vessels, ducts)- cells tighly packed tg (very little matrix)- ALL EPI TISSUES ARE AVASCULAR

simple

one layer

stratified

more than one layer

pseudostratified

looks like multiple layers but its one

squamous

square/tiny/flat

cuboidal

cube/medium

columnar

column/big

epithelial tissue classification

cell shape, # of cells

simple squamous epithelium:

very thin!

simple squamous function:

allows for rapid diffusion

simple squamous location:

alveoli of lungs, capillary

simple cuboidal function:

absorption/secreting

simple cuboidal location:

sweat glands, kidney tubules

simple columnar epithelium function:

absorption/ secretion

simple columnar epithelium location:

GI tract (middle), stomach/ intestines, uterus

simple columnar have what cells?

Goblet cells

simple columnar is know by something on the outside

cilia

psuedostratified columnar epithelium function:

secrete + move mucus

psuedostratified columnar epithelium location:

respiratory tract

keratinized (dead cells, cant see nuclei) stratified squamous epithelium location:

epidermis

keratinized (dead cells, cant see nuclei) stratified squamous epithelium function:

protection/ resits abrasion

non keratinzed stratified squamous has what surface?

wet surface

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium has what surface?

dry surface

non keratinzed stratified squamous function:

protection/ resist abrasion

non keratinzed stratified squamous location:

opens to the exterior (mouth, nose, anal cana, vaginal canal)

connective tissue=

support, protect + bind tissues tg

connective tissue features:

fewer cells- lots of matrix fibers (collagen, elastic and reticular)

dense connective tissue is

densly packed, has collagen fibers that appear wavy/smooth/shiny

epithelial tissue SUMMARY of all tissues..

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, psuedocolumnar

loose areolar CT has what 3 fibers

collagen, elastic and reticular

loose areolar CT is highly

vascular / lots of ECF

loose areolar CT function:

binds epithelial tissues to deeper tissues, passageways blood vessels/nerves/nutrients/wastes.

loose areolar CT locations:

underneath all epithelia/ dermis

Adipose tissue cells are

adipocytes and have lots of blood vessels

Adipose tissue function:

energy storage, insulation, cushoning

Adipose tissue locations:

hypodermis, breast, surrounding organs

Cartilage features:

chondrocytes (cartilage cells) in lacunae (cavities), fibers + semi rigid matrix (rubbery), avascular

hyaline cartilage features:

most common/ most flexible. lacunae often in pairs. smooth/shiny appearence (collagen)

Hyaline cartilage function:

flexible support

Hyaline cartilage locations:

nose, respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi), rib cage (costal cartilage), @ synovial joints (articular cartilage)

elastic cartilage features:

elastic fibers (black), random lacunae

elastic cartilage function:

elastic support

elastic cartilage locations:

external ear, epiglottis

Fibrocartilage features:

strongest/ most rigid cartilage, lacunae in rows, parallel collagen fibers.

Fibrocartilage function:

resists compression/ absorb shock

Fibrocartilage locations:

Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, menisci of knee

blood features:

liquid matrix (plasma)+ cells (RBC’s , WBC’s, Platlets)- NO fibers

blood function:

transport, immune defense

blood location:

blood vessels, heart

Dense connective tissue REG & IRREG, function:

binds tissues tg, resists mechanical stress

Dense connective tissue REG location:

tendons/ ligaments

Dense connective tissue IRREG location:

dermis

intercellular junctions functions:

hold cells tg, resist mechanical stress, intercellular communication

types of intercellular junction (3)

Tight junction, desmosomes, gap junction

tight junction types=

fusion of plasma membrane “zipper”

desmosomes types=

cytoskeleton+ proteins hooked tg. “snaps”

Gap junction types=

pore of proteins connects cytoplasm of cells “tube”

tight junction def=

prevents molecules from passing btwn cells (GI tract, kidney)

desmosome def=

resist mechanical stress + hold cells tg (skin, heart)

gap junction def=

rapid electrial communication (cardiac muscle) + nutrient distribution (embryo)

bone=

most rigid tissue

bone features:

collagen + calcified matrix, arranged in concentric rings (lamellae)— tree trunks

bone function:

strucutural support, protection, calcium storage

bone locations:

bone

nervous tissue=

excitable tissue

nervous tissue function:

rapid communication

nervous tissue features:

• neurons, glial cells, lots of matrix

glial cells function=

support, protect, assist neurons. is the PARENT cell

nervous tissue locations:

brain, spinal cord, nerves

muscle tissues=

excitable tissues

muscle tissue functions:

Movement, produces body heat

muscle tissue features:

Cells tighlty packed, little matrix

skeletal muscle features:

parallel muscle fibers (cells), multinucleate, striated (alternating light/dark bonds)

skeletal muscle function:

voluntary movement

skeletal muscle location:

attached to bones, tongue

cardiac muscle features:

short, branched cells, uninucleate, striated

cardiac muscle function:

pump blood

cardiac muscle locations:

heart

smooth muscle features:

short, tapered cells, uninucleate, no striations

smooth muscle function:

involunatry movement

smooth muscle locations:

viscera (interal organs), blood vessels