Exam 5 Gov

Veto

Veto Override

The Cabinet

Executive Order

Executive Privilege

Executive Agreements

Impoundment

According to the original Constitution, what length and number of terms could Presidents serve? How was this changed by the 22^nd Amendment?

Four Stages of the Presidential Selection Process

Primary

Caucus

National Party Conventions

Electoral College

Electors

Faithless Electors

National Popular Vote Interstate Compact

What are the political consequences of using the presidential primary and caucus system?

What determines how many electors a state has?

What method does nearly every state use for selecting electors?

Are states allowed to make it illegal for electors to be “faithless electors”?

Who were the last two presidents to receive less than a plurality of the popular vote but still became president by winning a majority of the Electoral College votes?

According to the Constitution, if no candidate wins a majority of the Electoral College votes, which institution decides the winner and how exactly does that institution decide? In how many elections has this method been used? In which century did that last happen?

In 2021, what happened on January 6^th, the date that Congress met to officially count the electoral votes?

Which institution would have decided the outcome of the 2020 election if the efforts to pressure Congress and Vice President Pence to refuse to certify the election’s results had succeeded? Which candidate (Trump or Biden) was that institution most likely to choose as president?

Presidential Power of Removal

Presidential Power of Pardon

Presidential Power as Commander in Cheif of the Armed Forces

President’s Informal Powers of Persuasion and Negotiation

“Going Public”

What limits does the Constitution place on the President’s pardon power?

Has the use of executive orders increased or decreased since the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt?

As Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces, do Presidents today typically involve or bypass Congress when engaging in military hostilities?

White House Staff

Chief of Staff

The Vice President

Why is the Chief of Staff the President’s most important aide?

Impeachment

Removal

Which chamber of Congress impeaches a president, and what must the vote count be?

Which chamber of Congress decides whether to remove an impeached president, and what must the vote count be?

Who is the only president to be impeached twice?

Has any president been impeached AND removed?

Who becomes president when a president is removed from office?

Bureaucracy

Bureaucratic Agency

Civil Servants

Cabinet Departments

Independent Executive Agencies

Independent Regulatory Agencies

Government Corporations

To whom do Cabinet Secretaries report?

Which cabinet department didn’t exist until the twenty-first century?

Do bureaucratic rules have the force of law?

Judicial Independence

Judicial Review

Marbury v. Madison

Jurisdiction

Original Jurisdiction

Appellate Jurisdiction

Trial Court

Appellate Court

Court Packing

What are the two ways Article III of the Constitution seeks to promote judicial independence?

Are judicial removals through impeachment common or rare?

Why was the Marbury v. Madison case so important?

What, if anything, does the Constitution have to say about the power of judicial review?

Does Article III of the Constitution establish the Supreme Court as primarily a trial court or primarily an appellate court?

The last major attempt at court packing was in the 1930s. Was that attempt successful?

U.S. District Courts

U.S. Courts of Appeal

Judicial Districts

Judicial Circuits

Dual Court System

Court of Last Resort

Which federal courts -- U.S. district courts or U.S. circuit courts -- are trial courts and which are intermediate appellate courts?

Which federal courts -- District or Circuit -- hear cases with rotating 3-judge panels and which do so with a single federal judge or magistrate?

90% of all court cases in the U.S. occur in which kind of courts: state or federal?

What is the name of the highest appellate court (i.e., the court of last resort) within the Georgia judicial system?

Under the dual court system, state courts do NOT operate entirely independently from the federal courts in all cases. What condition must be met for federal courts to be able to hear cases from state courts on appeal?

Who nominates Federal judges (including Supreme Court justices)?

Who confirms Federal judges (including Supreme Court justices)?

When presidents choose nominees for the judicial system, does the ideology of the nominee matter, or do presidents only consider their qualifications?

What religious identity is currently the most prevalent on the U.S. Supreme Court?

Of the nine justices on the current U.S. Supreme Court, how many did NOT graduate from either Harvard Law School or Yale Law School?

Of the nine justices on the current U.S. Supreme Court, how many are women?

What is the current ideological balance on the U.S. Supreme Court (i.e., how many liberals and conservatives are there)?

Stare Decisis

Granting Certiorari / “Granting cert”

Rule of Four

Amicus Curiae Briefs

Majority Opinions

Concurring Opinions

Dissenting Opinions

Judicial Activism

Judicial Restraint

According to the Supreme Court, who is more strictly bound by stare decisis: the Supreme Court or lower federal courts?

Why do justices “bargain” over the reasoning in majority opinions? How can this bargaining process affect the Court’s final decision on a case?

What fraction of the Supreme Court’s decisions are unanimous (9-0)?

According to the textbook, what is the most influential check on the Supreme Court provided by the other branches?