Plant, Animal, & Fungi Groups

Algae

Nonmonophyletic PLANT  (no common ancestor)

• A nonvascular plant, aquatic photoautotroph, and seedless

• Includes red algae and green algae

Bryophytes

Monophyletic PLANT (Common Ancestor)

• Nonvascular, terrestial, and seedless plants

• Includes: Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

Pteridophytes

Nonmonophyletic PLANT (No common ancestor)

• vascular, seedless, terrestial plants

• Lycophyta and Polypodiophyta are within this group

Lycophyta: Pteridophyte

Monophyletic PLANT (common ancestor)

• Club Mosses, Quillworts

• Vascular, Seedless, Terrestial Plants

Polypodiophyta: Pteridophyte

Monophyletic PLANT (common ancestor)

• Ferns, Horsetails

• Vascular, Seedless, Terrestial Plants

Seed Plants (Gymnosperm & Angiosperm)

Monophyletic PLANT (common ancestor)

• Vascular, Seed-Producing, Mainly terrestial

Gymnosperm: Seed Plant

Monophyletic PLANT (common ancestor)

• Vascular, Seed Producing, Mainly terrestial

• Produces “naked” seeds (Cones)

• Conifers, Cycads, Ginko, Gnetophytes

Angiosperm: Seed Plant

Monophyletic PLANT (common ancestor)

• Produce “Covered” Seeds (Fruits, Flowers)

• 2 Groups: Monocots & Dicots

Monocots: Angiosperm

Produces 1 cotelydon (embryonic leaf)

• Grasses & Palms

PLANTS

Dicots (Eudicots): Angiosperm

Produces 2 cotelydons (embryonic leaf)

• Majority flowering plants

PLANTS

Porifera

Sponges - Animals

• Asymmetric

• Monophyletic

Placozoa

A single scab-like representative Trichoplax

• Asymmetric -Animals

• Monophyletic

Ctenophora

Comb Jellies - Animals

• Radially Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Cnidaria

Jellies, anemones, and corals - Animals

• Radially Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Echinodermata (Deuterostomes)

the “spiny-skinned” animals

• Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Sea Lillies, Sea Cucumbers, and Sand Dollars

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Chordata (Deuterostomes)

all animals with a notochord (a backbone)

• Lancelots, Tunicates, and Vertebrates

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Platyhelminthes (Lophotrochozoans)

The flatworms

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Nemertea (Lophotrochozoans)

The Ribbon Worms

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Annelida (Lophotrochozoans)

The Segmented Worms

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Rotifera (Lophotrochozoans)

The Rotifers

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Braciopoda (Lophotrochozoans)

The Lamp Shells

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Bryozoa / Ectoprocta (Monophyletic)

The Moss Animals

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Mollusca (Lophotrochozoans)

The slugs, snails, bivalves (Clams, Mussels), and Cephalopods (Octopus, Squid, Cuttlefish)

• Second largest animal phylum (100,000 known species)

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Nematoda (Ecdysozoans)

The roundworms

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Tardigrada (Ecdysozoans)

The microscopic water bears

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

Arthropoda (Ecdysozoans)

The joint footed animals with exoskeletons

• insects, arachnids, crustaceans

• Bilaterally Symmetric

• Monophyletic

• Largest Metazoan Phylum (1,230,000 species found)