Historical Antecedents over the course of Science and Technology

Antecedent

is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of something

Historical antecedents

factors that paved the way for the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and technological innovations today

Transportation and Navigation

Going places and discover new horizons

Transportation and Navigation

They wander around in search for food, trade

Transportation and Navigation

This assisted ancestors and allowed them to return home

Transportation

Animals: ancient wheel

Communication

communicate with natives to facilitate trade and prevent conflicts

Communication

record_keeping is needed to remember the places

Communication

It is vital to keep records of their history and culture so they can establish their identities

Mass Production

increased food production to meet population demand

Security

used weapons and armors for security and protection

Health

discovery of cures and prevention of diseases

Engineering

build structures that would meet their specific needs and wants

Architecture

elaborate architectural designs were signs of technological advancements

Engineering and Architecture

style as signature civilization, status symbol, nation identity

Aesthetic

people become visually presentable and appealing by adding some features and ornaments in their body

Philosophers

These type of people where floral headbands to present their wisdom and knowledge

Sumerian Civilization

happened during 3500 BCE

BCE

Before Christ or Before the Common Era

Sumerian

is located on the southernmost tip of ancient Mesopotamia

Sumerians

known for their high degree of cooperation with one another and their desire for great things

Sumerians

desire to develop things with connection to science and technology

Sumerians

Kingship created by gods

Cuneiform

Oldest form of writing; great contribution for the writing system [Sumerian Civilization]

Cuneiform

A system that utilizes word pictures and triangular symbols which are carved on clay using instruments and then left to dry [Sumerian Civilization]

Cuneiform

Allowed Sumerians to keep records of things with great historical value [Sumerian Civilization]

Wheel

were not made for transportation but for farm work and food processes [Sumerian Civilization]

Wheel and axle

made food production easier; milling is faster (crush or grind) [Sumerian Civilization]

Sailboats

Means of transportation through waterways [Sumerian Civilization]

Sailboats

Mode of transportation that requires not much human resource [Sumerian Civilization]

Sumerian Plow

Was invented to dig the ground where seeds would be planted [Sumerian Civilization]

Sumerian Plow

Farmers were able to cultivate larger parcels of land faster for mass food production [Sumerian Civilization]

Sumerians

developed the first roads

Roads and Pavement

Same technology in making sunbaked bricks [Sumerian Civilization]

bitumen (asphalt)

Poured this to smoothen the roads [Sumerian Civilization]

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

also called the mountain of god [Sumerian Civilization]

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

Was constructed using sunbaked bricks [Sumerian Civilization]

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

Served as the sacred place of their chief god; only priests were allowed to enter [Sumerian Civilization]

The Great Ziggurat of Ur

Has intricate and elaborate Sumerian architecture [Sumerian Civilization]

Uruk City

First true city in the world [Sumerian Civilization]

Uruk City

Built by using mud or clay from the river, mixed with reeds to form sunbaked bricks [Sumerian Civilization]

Uruk City

Bricks were used to make houses [Sumerian Civilization]

Irrigation and Dikes

One of the most beneficial engineering work [Sumerian Civilization]

Irrigation and Dikes

Built to be able to maintain food production [Sumerian Civilization]

Irrigation and Dikes

Sumerians created these canals to bring water to fields and at the same time control the flooding of the rivers

The city of Babylon

was the capital of the ancient land of Babylonia in southern Mesopotamia

Babylonians

great builders, engineers, and architects

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Made of layers upon layers of gardens that contained several species of plants, trees, and vines [Babylonian Civilization]

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World listed by Hellenic culture [Babylonian Civilization]

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

Has skepticism of its true existence [Babylonian Civilization]

Papyrus

material that made paper [Egyptian Civilization]

Egyptian Civilization

Not the first to develop system of writing

Paper or Papyrus

clay tables

Papyrus

a plant that grew along the Nile river [Egyptian Civilization]

Paper or Papyrus

Easier documentation and record_keeping [Egyptian Civilization]

Ink

Invented by combining soot with different chemicals to produce inks of different colors [Egyptian Civilization]

Ink

Must withstand the elements of nature and tamper_proof [Egyptian Civilization]

Hieroglyphics

System of writing developed by Egyptians

Hieroglyphics

"the words of God" and were used mainly by priests

Hieroglyphic symbols

may represent the objects that depict but usually stand for particular sounds or group of sounds [Egyptian Civilization]

Hieroglyphics

Well_preserved since they were carved at the walls of the pyramids and other structures [Egyptian Civilization]

Shadoof

used to irrigate land [Egyptian Civilization]

Shadoof

Hand operated to lift water [Egyptian Civilization]

Shadoof

used for efficient farming [Egyptian Civilization]

Water Clock/Clepsydra

utilizes gravity that affects the flow of water from one vessel to the other [Egyptian Civilization]

Water Clock/Clepsydra

The amount of water remaining in the device determines how much time has elapsed since it is full [Egyptian Civilization]

Water Clock/Clepsydra

Timekeeping device [Egyptian Civilization]

Cosmetics

used for health and aesthetic reasons [Egyptian Civilization]

Kohl

Egyptians wore this around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye diseases [Egyptian Civilization]

Kohl

was created by mixing malachite with mineral galena

Egyptians

believed that a person wearing makeup was protected from evil and that beauty was a sign of holiness

Wig

were worn for health and wellness [Egyptian Civilization]

Wig

used to protect the heads of the wealthy from harmful rays of the sun [Egyptian Civilization]

Greece

an archipelago in the southeastern part of Europe

Greece

Known as the birthplace of Western Philosophy

Greece

Contributed much to the fields of science and technology

Alarm Clock

Used large complicated mechanisms [Greek Civilization]

Alarm Clock

made use of water or sands that dropped into drums which sounded the alarm [Greek Civilization]

Water Mill

considered as one of the most important contributions of the Greeks [Greek Civilization]

Water Mill

For agricultural processes like milling of grains [Greek Civilization]

Antikythera mechanism

ancient Greek astronomical calculator [Greek Civilization]

Antikythera mechanism

created to accurately calculate the position of the sun, moon, and planets [Greek Civilization]

Antikythera mechanism

described as the oldest known example of an analogue computer used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance

Roman Civilization

Strongest political and social entity in the West

Roman Civilization

Cradle of politics and governance

Newspaper

1st newspaper was made during [Roman Civilization]

Gazettes

name of the 1st newspaper [Roman Civilization]

Newspaper

Engraved in metal or stone tablets [Roman Civilization]

Bound Book or Codex

For record keeping [Roman Civilization]

Julius Caesar

started the tradition of stacking up papyrus to form pages of a book [Roman Civilization]

Codex

made out of scraped animal skin and wax [Roman Civilization]

Romans

Pioneers of Architecture

Roman numerals

Old number systems could not keep up with high calculation requirements [Roman Civilization]

Roman numerals

Romans devised their own number system [Roman Civilization]

Aeolipile

Known as a Hero's engine (Hero of Alexandria) [Roman Civilization]

Aeolipile

Precursor of steam engine [Roman Civilization]

Aeolipile

A simple, bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated [Roman Civilization]

Middle Ages

from 5th to 15th century

Middle Ages

Knows as the dark ages

Middle Ages

It is the period of colonization and adventure