Axon and Brain Hemispheres

Dendrites
Cell Body
Axon
Myelin Sheath

Receive input from other neurons

Includes nucleus which control neuron

Transmits info to other neurons

Insulates axon from chem+physical stimuli that might interferee w/transmission of nerve pulses

Terminal Button
Axon terminal
Synapses

Sends signal from neuron to adjacent cell (release neurotransmitters)

Branch-like extensions from axon, carries message → terminal button

Space btwn neurons where transmission occurs

Neuron types

Sensory = transmit info from sensory receptors to brain (directly or via the spinal cord -spinal cord reflex)

Interneurons

act as link btwn sensory + motor neurons, relaying info from one neuron to another

Motor decisions

Motor = carry messages from CNS to cells in muscles, organs + glands → stimulate muscle activity
-lower brainstem to spinal cord

Transmission order

Nerve impulse arrives at terminal button

Neurotransmitters released into synapses 

Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse

Neurotransmitter binds w/ receptor on post- synaptic neuron

Binding of neurotransmitter to receptor stimulates impulse in postsynaptic neuron (if the threshold is met)

Regions of the brain + Cerebral cortex (in the forebrain)

The hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

-Plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, lang, + consciousness.
-Receiving + processing sensory information
-Initiating motor responses
-2 hemisphere, 4 lobes in each

Collateral organisation (Cerebral cortex, hemispheres)
-separated by longitudinal fissure

Right hemisphere = controls movements on LHS of the body, receives + process sensory information from LHS of the body

Left Hemisphere

Verbal functions:
-speaking, reading , writing, aspects associated w/ lang

Analytical functions:
logical reasoning, critical evaluation, sequencing of tasks

Non-Verbal:
Sensory and motor functions from the RHS of body

Right Hemisphere

Spatial + visual thinking e.g., jigsaws, recognising faces, appreciating art + music, creativity + fantasy.
-emotion recognition + process

Corpus Callosum

Bridge of nerve tissue that connects the two cerebral hemispheres