practice test mammo

which breast cancer is approximately 10% of all b.c

spider-web appearance

skin retraction

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)

what is the reccommended SID range in mammo?

50-80 cm

what is the focal spot size used for routine work?

0.4 mm

T/F: a grid is never used in magnification mammo?

true (bc of the oid)

which surgery is to remove the entire breast when a women has a very high risk for breast cancer? for BRCA1 BRCA2

prophylactic surgery

a 65 pt had surgery to remove a breast cancer tumor. there was swelling and pain several weeks after the surgery. fluid was seen in the mammogram/ultrasound around surgical site. what is the diagnosis?

seroma

The US food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves certifying states for facility to perform mammograms except

Louisiana

whicy type of breast procedure removes the entire breast

lymph nodes

chest wall muscles

radical mastectomy

which level does the breast extend vertically from the clavicle?

second or third rib

which level does the breast meet the abdominal wall?

six or seventh rib

which condition is shown for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases that is detected on mammo?

microcalcifications

which program identifies issues with mammo images early in order to correct these errors before it can have a negative impact on pt?

Enhancing Quality Using the Inspection Program (EQUIP)

which professional agency started the voluntary accreditation of mammo facilities?

American College of Radiology ACR

what is the initial approval step required by all faciliites in the US before they can legally perform mammo?

accreditation

all should be contacted in order for its facility to be accredited EXCEPT

florida

cancers of breast that arises from fat, nerves, muscles, cartilage, blood vessesl, or bone.

Very rare less than 0.1%

sarcoma

which position is useful in removing superimposed breast tissue

rolled positions

what is the kVp range most used in mammo?

20-40

what target tube uses 24-30 kV range?

molybdenum

what target tube uses 26-32 kV range?

rhodium

what technique is used to collect cells from lining of the milk duct?

ductal lavage

what is performed to evaluate suspicious nipple discharge?

ductography

what is performed if a lesion is not palpable

can be seen on mammo

stereotactic localization

the ability to image 2 separate objects and visually distinguish one form the other

resolution

the ability to distinguish anatomical structures of similar subject contrast is called

contrast resolution

the ability to image small objects that have high subject contrast

spatial resolution

which organization reccomends CBE start at 40 years old

American College of Radiology ACR

which procedure removes the breast tissue and includes a removal of the nipple areolar region?

modified radical mastectomy

the most breast conserving option is what

lumpectomy

procedure to remove lymph nodes from axilla while checking for breast cancer spread is what

axillary node dissection

nulliparity is a woman that

never given birth

what display monitor has less screen glare and better resolution

liquid crystal displace LCD

procedure done before a breast surgery when an abnormality is seen on a mammogram but not felt by the patient or physician?

preoperative needle localization

a cyst aspiration is performed to

relieve pain

pregnancy that is carried to at least 20 weeks of gestation

parity

major risk factor for breast cancer in male patients?

age

which is the primary treatment for breast cancer in male patients?

radical mastectomy

how many lymph nodes are found in the axillary region?

20-30

the outer quadrant of the breast that extends toward the axilla

tail of spence

an enlarged lymph node that is greater that ____ cm should be considered suspicious

3 cm

(benign would be less than 2 cm)

which cancer is often referred to as stage 0?

carcinoma in situ

DCIS / LCIS

what is considered a benign milk filled cyst with high fat content?

galactocele

oval lesion that may contain calcification is what

fibroadenoma

what condition can occur in lactating breast and can be

red

hot

painfull mass

abscess

a pt’s mammo has a oval circumscribed breast tumor on the right breast 3:00. what is the diagnosis

fibroadenoma

MOC

which modality is best for visualizing circular / oval lesion?

breast ultrasound

dense breast tissue is higher in

younger women in their 40s

which medication is for osteoporosis treatment in postmenopausal women

also to treat invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women?

raloxifene

which surgical procedure involves removing the muscle

fat

skin from upper back?

Latissimus dorsi flap

how many orifices / collecting ducts does the nipple have?

15-20

gynecomastia is caused by what 4 things

1. imbalance of estrogen / testosterone

2. cancer in testes

3. cirrhosis

4. klinefelter’s syndrom

which is not a target material in mammo

lead

which target material has a 23-35 kVp range?

tungsten

primary goal in breast compression is what

reduce breast thickness uniformly

the max force in compression shouldn’t exceed

45 pounds

a 45 year old pt is diagnosed with right breast tumor less than 2 cm.

no lymph nodes and no metatsis to any other body part. what stage is she?

stage 1

what treatment uses drugs to treat cancer than have spread beyond the breast?

chemotherapy

a 75 year old pt had breast surgery to remove a breast cancer. they removed tissue from lower abdomen to reconstruct her breast. what type of surgery did she have?

TRAM flap

what percentage of glandular and adipose tissue does 4.2 cm thick compressed breast phantom have?

50% glandular / 50% adipose

what are 2 minor risks for breast cancer?

1. late menopause

2. never given birth

which treatment is used to relieve or alleviate pain/symptoms of a disease without actually curing the disease?

palliative treatment

a tumor that usually develops on the skin and has been linked ot excessive exposure to uv light and sunlight

melanoma

an enlarged lymph node that is ___ cm should be considered suspicious

3 or 4 cm

if a spiculated / irregular border was indicated on a patient’s breast imaging report, what would this be?

malignancy

a pt says there is a circumscribed border found on the breast imaging report. this would be what type of dianosis

fibroadenoma

MOC (ex: cyst, fibroadenoma, lipoma)

a patient’s report says there is a spiculated border in the breast imaging report. what type of diagnosis is this?

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma IDC

what is the most common circular oval lesion?

fibroadenoma

what occurs in the terminal ductal lobular units when the extralobular terminal duct becomes blocked.

cysts

a benign milk filled cyst with a high fat content

galactocele

which lesion is oval and may contain calcifications?

fibroadenoma

what is a fatty tumor that is radiolucent that may appear huge on a mammo?

lipoma

which benign tumor appears as well circumscribed

round

oval radiolucent

radiopaque

hamartoma

a solid lump of wart like growth in the breast ducts is called what?

papillomas

what is caused by a blocked duct that causes the nipple to become red, tender and resulting in discharge?

duct ectasia

a death of fatty tissue in the breast that occurs as a result of a biopsy, injury, radiation therapy is called?

fat necrosis

what is a lesion with no central tumor and can be considered a risk for subsequent breast cancer?

radial scar

what is not generally seen in a mammo, but main found incidentally during a biopsy?

lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)

the abnormal cells in the link of the milk ducts in breasts

atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)

a growth of atypical cells in breast lobules is called what?

atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)

most cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is detected on mammo includes what condition?

microcalcifications

what is confined to the duct and does not invade the duct walls?

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

special form of ductal carcinoma associated with eczema like changes of the nipple

paget’s disease

any cancers of the breast that arise from fat, nerves, muscles, c cartilage, blood vessels, or bone

sarcomas

what is a very rare form of non-hodgkin’s?

lymphoma of the breast

what procedure uses gentle suction to collect fluid from the nipple to check for abnormality

nipple aspiration

what extends on each side of the body, from the armpits in the axilla ot the groin region of the body?

mammary line

which muscle in the breast is thin, flat, triangular shaped?

pectoralis minor muscle

the protrusions on the nipples are called what?

morgagni’s tubercles

the breast is most secured at which level?

superior and medial aspects

the breast is least secured at which level?

lateral borders and inferior aspect

skin of the breast is filled with ____ and _____

sweat glands and sebaceous glands

skin of the breast is ____ at the base, ___ as it approaches the nipple

thickest , thinning

what is the purpose of the montgomery’s gland?

it secretes a fatty lubricant, and protects the nipple during nursing

how many clock positions does the breast have?

4

the milk production element of the breast is called

acinus

when the breast loses the glandular tissue and its supportive and connective tissue to fat, this is called?

involution

the normal production of milk, which is the primary function of the mammary glands are called?

lactation

define primaparity

delivered a child of a least 500 g or 29 weeks gestation regarless of viability

how many degrees should the detector be angled for patient during a MLO

30-60 degrees

what projection is useful in showing lesions deep in the posterior medial aspect of the breast?

CV cleavage view