Comprog 2 Prelim

Object-oriented Programming (OOP)

Programming paradigm using objects to represent real-world entities.

Procedural Programming

Programming style executing operations in a sequential manner.

Functional Programming

Programming style focusing on declarations and expressions.

Programming Paradigm

Approach to structuring and organizing code.

Classes

Blueprints for creating objects in OOP.

Objects

Instances of classes representing real-world entities.

Methods

Functions defined within a class in OOP.

Procedures

Named blocks of code in procedural programming.

Instance Variables

Variables specific to an object in OOP.

Message Passing

Method of invoking methods on objects.

Top-down Approach

Design method starting from high-level overview.

Bottom-up Approach

Design method starting from detailed components.

Data Security

Protection of data from unauthorized access.

Code Reusability

Using existing code in new applications.

Code Duplication

Repetition of code across different parts of a program.

First-class Citizens

Entities that can be assigned and passed like variables.

Flow-control Statements

Commands that control the flow of execution.

Variables

Named memory locations holding data.

User-defined Data Types

Custom data types defined by the programmer.

Functions

Reusable code blocks performing specific tasks.

Erlang

Programming language supporting functional programming paradigm.

Java

Programming language supporting OOP paradigm.

BASIC

Early programming language supporting procedural programming.

Modularized Programs

Programs organized into separate, manageable units.

Data Security

Encapsulation protects data from non-member functions.

Reduced Complexity

Inheritance simplifies program development process.

Reduced Time

OOP code is easier to create and implement.

Class

User-defined data type grouping similar objects.

Object

Concrete instance of a class with characteristics.

Method

Code block in a class performing actions.

Attribute

Characteristics defining an object's properties.

Data Abstraction

Essential details only, ignoring background information.

Data Encapsulation

Wrapping data and functions within a class.

Inheritance

Creating new classes from existing class attributes.

Base Class

Class providing attributes to derived classes.

Derived Class

Class inheriting properties from a base class.

Polymorphism

Same symbol interpreted differently based on context.

Function Members

Operations defined in a class for objects.

Data Members

Features or attributes of an object.

Automobile Example

Class with attributes like make and model.

Dog Example

Class with attributes like breed and age.

Noun Comparison

Objects are similar to nouns in programming.

Verb Comparison

Methods are similar to verbs in programming.

Encapsulation Purpose

Insulates data from outside access.

Abstracted Data

Hidden internal workings of an entity.

Operator Overloading

Same operator behaves differently based on context.

Function Overloading

Multiple functions with the same name, different parameters.

Operator Loading

Enables operators to perform different tasks based on context.

String Concatenation

Combines two strings into one using + operator.

Function Overloading

Multiple functions share the same name but differ in parameters.

Method

A program module executing a series of statements.

main() Method

Automatically executed method when a program runs.

Calling Method

Method that invokes another method.

Method Header

Defines how methods can be interacted with.

Access Modifier

Specifies visibility of classes and methods.

public Modifier

Allows access from any other class.

static Modifier

Allows method access without object instantiation.

void Return Type

Indicates method returns no data.

Method Name

Identifier for a method, usually a verb.

Parentheses in Method

Contain parameters sent to the method.

Method Body

Contains statements that perform the method's task.

Implementation

The actual code within a method body.

displayHours() Method

Method to display business hours of a company.

Curly Braces

Enclose the body of a method.

Arguments

Data passed to methods within parentheses.

Return Type

Describes data type sent back by a method.

Legal Identifier

Valid name for classes and variables in Java.

Method Invocation

The act of calling a method to execute.

Method Declaration

Specifies method's name, return type, and parameters.

CompanyInfo

Example class demonstrating method execution order.

main() method

Entry point for Java applications, always executed first.

displayHours()

Method displaying business hours for the company.

fully qualified identifier

Complete name including class and method name.

method call

Invocation of a method to execute its code.

method reusability

Ability to use methods across different applications.

class header

Defines class with access specifier, keyword, and name.

data fields

Variables declared within a class but outside methods.

private access specifier

Restricts access to class members from outside classes.

information hiding

Encapsulation principle limiting access to class data.

accessor methods

Methods that retrieve values from class fields.

getEmpNum()

Accessor method returning employee number.

static data field

Shared value across all instances of a class.

non-static data field

Unique value for each instance of a class.

method execution order

Sequence in which methods are called in a program.

OOP

Object-oriented programming, focusing on classes and objects.

class body

Contains data fields and methods, enclosed in braces.

println()

Method used to print output to the console.

object instantiation

Creating an instance of a class.

curly braces

Used to define the scope of classes and methods.

class types

Categories of classes based on object instantiation.

program structure

Organization of code into classes and methods.

Public Access Modifier

Allows methods to be accessible from outside the class.

getEmpNum() Method

Returns the employee number as an integer.

setEmpNum() Method

Sets the employee number using an integer parameter.

Mutator Method

Method that modifies an object's field values.

Constructor

Special method for creating and initializing objects.

Reference Type

Type that refers to an object in memory.

Primitive Type

Basic data types like int and char.

Memory Allocation

Reserving space in memory for an object.

Instantiation

Creating an instance of a class.