AP Bio Unit 2

What supports the hypothesis of all life sharing a common ancestor?

All cells have a genome and ribosomes

Structure and function of ribosomes

• consist of 2 non-membrane enclosed subunits

• Made of rRNA and proteins

• Synthesize proteins from mRNA

Structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum

• network of membrane tubes in cytoplasm

• Rough ER

  • Covered in ribosomes

  • Compartmentalizes the cell

    • packages newly synthesized proteins for export

• Smooth ER

  • detoxification and lipid synthesis

Structure and function of golgi complex

• flattened membrane-bound sacs

  • proteins and lipids are further processed/modified and sorted

Structure and function of mitochondria

• Has a double membrane

  • Smooth outer membrane

  • Highly convoluted inner membrane that forms folds called cristae

• Produces ATP

Structure and function of lysosome

• Membrane-enclosed sac

• contains hydrolytic enzymes

  • digest many materials like damaged cell parts and macromolecules