11. Motherboard volts & displays

+12 V

PCIe adapters, hard drive motors, cooling fans, most modem components

+5 V

Some motherboard components
Many components are now using +3.3v

-5 V

Available for ISA adapter cards
Most cards didn’t use it
Today’s motherboards don’t have ISA slots

+3.3 V

M.2 slots, RAM slots, motherboard logic circuits

+5 VSB

Standby voltage

-12 V

Integrated LAN

Older serial ports
Some PCI cards

Portable LCD

Light shine through liquid crystals

Advantages
- Lightweight
- Relatively low power
- Relatively inexpensive

Disadvantages
- Black levels are a challenge
- Requires separate backlight
- Florescent, LED, etc.
- Lights are difficult to replace

TN (Twisted Nematic) LCD

- The original LCD technology
- Poor viewing angles - color shifts

IPS (In Plane Switching) LCD

- Excellent color representation
- More expensive to produce than TN

VA (Vertical Alignment) LCD

- A good compromise between TN and IPS
- Good color representation
- Slower response times than TN

OLED

- Organic compound emits light when receiving an electric current
- Thin and light
- No backlight
- Higher cost than LCD

CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp)

- Higher voltage and power needed
- Added thickness to the display
- No longer a common backlight
- Older laptops will use these

ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) size

12” x 9.6” (305mm x 244 mm)

Mini-ATX

11.2” x 8.2” (284mm x 208 mm)

Micro-ATX

9.6” x 9.6” (244mm x 244mm)
only has 4 expansion card slots

Mini-ITX

6.7” x 6.7”
one expansion slot