Intravenous Therapy

establish IV access to give fluids, blood, meds, diagnostic substances or nutrition

Indications for IV therapy?

extremities with burns, edema or injury

extremities with cellulitis or significant infection

should not insert IV distal to prior failed IV catheter insertion

should avoid IVs distal to any of preexisting phlebitis

avoid extremities with impaired circulation

avoid extremities with indwelling fistula

Contraindications of IV therapy?

veins that travel across a joint, lower extremities

What sites to avoid for IV?

18-20

What gauge needle in adult?

22, prob a butterfly

What gauge to use in a child?

butterly

What needle to use in infants?

no vein

If there is no blood when you insert that means no _____

two

How many times can you stick a patient?

withdraw the catheter back over the needle

What should you never do?

remove tourniquet

What should you not forget to remove?

pediatric scalp vein IV

drawing blood when patients have difficult or overused veins

short term IV in distal arm

IV medication adminstration

Butterfly needle indications?

pain, tissue irritation and swelling

IV infiltration complications?

IV infiltration

administered medication infiltrating into surrounding tissue

IV extravasation

when significant tissue damage occurs from a vesicant or irritatnt medication

phlebitis and tissue necrosis

Complication of IV extravasation

phlebitis

from mechanical trauma to vein

have redness and pain at IV site

IV infiltration

IV extravasation

phlebitis

occlusion or mechanical failure of IV

dislodgment of IV

minor bleeding at site

cellulitis

Local complications of IV?

septicemia

catheter embolization

pulmonary emboli

air emboli

Systemic complications of IV?

septicemia

this most commonly occurs from not following aspetic technique when placing IV or with aftercare

catheter embolization

from distal portion of catheter end being sheared off by beveled end of the needle when threaded

PE

occur with centrally placed peripheral lines because of clot formation at tip of catheter that dislodges

air emboli

occurs when lines are not properly flushed to remove all air before being connected to catheter

IV therapy initiated in the field

IV therapy initiated in hospital

Nosocomial infections are all-too-frequent occurrence secondary to what?