Demography Concepts and Migration Patterns

A set of flashcards covering key vocabulary and definitions related to demography and migration patterns.

Agricultural Density

Number of farmers per unit of arable land.

Arithmetic Density

Average number of people per unit of land.

Physiological Density

Average number of people per unit of arable land.

Pronatalist Policy

Policies aimed at boosting fertility rates to grow the population.

Antinatalist Policy

Policies aimed at reducing fertility rates to slow population growth.

Carrying Capacity

The number of people that the environment or Earth can support.

Chain Migration

The process where a person's migration leads to the migration of family and friends to the same location.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The average number of births per 1,000 people.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The average number of deaths per 1,000 people.

Rate of Natural Increase (RONI)

The difference between the CBR and CDR, expressed per 1,000 people.

Immigration

The act of migrants arriving in a destination country.

Emigration

The act of migrants leaving their place of origin.

Demographic Equation

Total population = Starting population + Natural Increase + Net migration.

Forced Migration

Migration driven by political challenges and military conflict.

Voluntary Migration

Migration chosen by individuals based on personal reasons.

Demographic Transition Model

A model describing changes in CBR, CDR, and RONI as countries undergo industrialization.

Total Fertility Rate

The average number of children born to a woman during her reproductive years.

Dependency Ratio

The number of dependents each 100 working-age people must support.

Doubling Time

The time required for a population to double in size.

Asylum Seeker

A person fleeing their country due to persecution seeking protection elsewhere.

Refugee

A person who leaves their country due to persecution based on various factors.

Infant Mortality Rate

The number of infants dying within the first year of life per 1,000 live births.

Guest Workers

People who temporarily migrate to another country for employment.

Net Migration Rate

The difference between immigrants and emigrants.

Diaspora

Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from their homeland.

Internally Displaced Person

Individuals who remain within their country's borders while being persecuted.

Internal Migration

Migration occurring within a country.

International Migration

Migration occurring across national borders.

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person can expect to live.

Malthusian Theory

The theory that population growth will outpace food production, leading to famine.

Sex Ratio

The ratio of men to women in a population.

Step Migration

Migration that occurs in stages, typically from nearby to larger or more distant places.

Population Pyramid

A tool for comparing age and sex distribution within a population.

Epidemiological Transition Theory

The study of changes in health services and living standards on disease patterns.

Boserup Effect

The idea that humans will develop agricultural practices to support population increases.

Pull Factor

Appealing attributes of other places that attract potential migrants.

Push Factor

Negative attributes of one’s current location that lead to migration.

Replacement Level Fertility Rate

The average number of children needed to replace parents and stabilize population.

Anti-Malthusians

The belief that human innovation and technology can overcome resource limits.

Rule of 70

A method for estimating the time required for a quantity to double based on its growth rate.

Stage 1 DTM

A demographic stage with high CBR and CDR, leading to stable population.

Stage 2 DTM

A stage where the CBR drops rapidly, and population growth increases.

Stage 3 DTM

A stage marked by a decline in CBR and a decrease in RONI.

Stage 4 DTM

A stage with similar, lower CBR and CDR, resulting in slow population growth.

Stage 5 DTM

A demographic stage where TFR drops below replacement level and CDR exceeds CBR.