USH study guide

Sectionalism

Economic and political divisions between the North and South in the U.S.

North Economy

Industrial economy supported by factories and tariffs.

South Economy

Agricultural economy reliant on slavery and opposed to tariffs.

National Bank

Supported by the North for economic stability but opposed by the South.

Trail of Tears

Forced removal of Native Americans in the 1830s under the Indian Removal Act.

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

A slave rebellion in Virginia (1831) that led to stricter laws across the South.

Compromise of 1850

California entered as a free state; stricter Fugitive Slave Act was enacted.

First Shots Fired on Fort Sumter

The attack by Confederates on April 12, 1861, marking the start of the Civil War.

Monroe Doctrine

1823 declaration opposing European interference in the Americas.

War of 1812

Conflict caused by impressment and trade restrictions; ended in a stalemate.

Nullification Crisis

Conflict over federal tariffs in South Carolina, resolved with a compromise tariff.

Slave Codes

Laws that restricted slaves’ freedoms and aimed to prevent rebellion.

Civil War Overview

Conflict from 1861-1865 between Union and Confederacy primarily over slavery.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States (1865).

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law (1868).

15th Amendment

Protected voting rights for Black men (1870).

Alien & Sedition Acts

Laws passed in 1798 restricting criticism of the government and altering citizenship.

Chinese Exclusion Act

Law passed in 1882 banning Chinese immigration.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Supreme Court ruling stating enslaved people were property, not citizens (1857).

Worcester v. Georgia

Ruling that Native American tribes were sovereign nations, ignored by Jackson.