textbook chapter 15

paraphillia

sexual activities other than vanilla sex 

• Not mental disorders and may not require intervention

• Can become paraphillic disorder if it causes distress or impairs functioning

normal-abnormal continnuum

• Normal sexual behaviour can become abnormal when it becomes extreme

• Usually becomes abnormal when it becomes a necessity 

• Mild preference, strong preference, necessity (abnormal), substitute for human partner

theory of sexual addiction

4 step cycle, intensified each time it is repeated

1. Preoccupation: the person cna think of nothing othe than the sexual act to which they are addicted

2. Rituals: the person enacts certain rituals that have become prelude to the act

3. Compulsive sexual behaviour: the sexual behaviour is enacted and person feels no control over it

4. Despair: doesnt feel good after act, falls into feeling of hopelessness and despair

• Often history of alcoholism or other addictions with these people

• Person has a pathological relationship to sexual event or process

compulsive sexual behaviour

• Used instead of term sexual addiction

• Can be paraphillic or nonparaphillic 

• 70% are men

• Key factor is that they have lost control and are obsessed 

• In denial, distort reality, justify their behaviours

fetishism

• Sexual fixation on some object 

• Common one is clothing made of leather or things related to the body like clothes

• Becomes fetishistic disorder is person is distressed about it or causes daily impairment

• Cant have orgasm until fetish object is present

• Develops early in life, 12ish

why do people develop fetishes

• Learning theory: fetishes come from classical conditioning

  • Sometimes can happen from single instance

• Cognitive theory: they have serious cognitive distortion in that they perceive an unconventional stimulus such as black leather boots as erotic. Perception of arousal is distorted. Feelings of guilt arise at the thought of unconventional behaviour which produces arousal but is misinterpreted as sexual arousal and then there is temporary pleasure and guilt again

stages of reaction to transvestism by partner

1. Discovery/disclosure: cross dressing is discovered

2. Turmoil in relationship

3. Negotiation: couple negotiate whats acceptable

4. Balance: find balance

sadomasochism

 rare form of sexual behaviour

• Fantasies are more common than real behaviour

• Improves lives for people who practice it

• Also stigma attached

causes of preference for sadomasochism

• Learning theory same as fetishes 

• Masochist is motivated by desire to escape from self awareness like getting drunk does

  • Doesnt apply for sadism

bondage and discipline

• Sexual bondage: used for centuries 

• Most university students have sexual fantasies of being tied and tying someone up 

• BDSM munch: informal gathering of people who are into BDSM at lunch

• Most people prefer to be a bottom

• Key to BDSM is not pain but rather dominance and submission

hypersexuality

• Excessive, insatiable sex drive that leads to compulsive sexual behaviour

• Person is never satisfied 

• 7 or more orgasms per week consistently for a minimum duration of 6 months 

• Called nymphomania in women

• Called satyriasis in men

hypersexuality behaviour inventory

• Includes 19 items to ask people to report relative frequency of a variety of experiences related to sexuality in past 90 days 

• Assess lack of control, consequences and coping

• People high on this consumed more porn and masturbated more

online sexual activity use and abuse

• Nonarousal OSA: looking for sex info online, online dating, online kink community

• Solitary arousal OSA: watching porn, webcam, posting video of yourself

• Partnered arousal OSA: having avatar engage in sex with another avatar, online sexual chat, sex toy controllled through internet by someone else, cybersex

• Can become addictive because its anonymous, accessible and affordable

asphyxiophillia

desire to induce in oneself a state of oxygen deficiency to create sexual arousal or to enhance sexual excitement and orgasm

• Emerges in late adolescence

• Most arent distressed by this

• Can die, mostly men die

zoophillia

sexual contact with animal

• Mostly in adolescene from men 

• Receiving oral sex and recieving anal intercourse were most frequent with dogs

• Performing vaginal and anal intercourse were most frequent with horses 

• Can be explained by learning theory: rewards are immediate and intense 

saliromania

desire to damage or soil a women or her clothes or image of women

coprophilia and urophilia

 wanted to be pissed or shit on

necrophilia

sexual contact with dead person

sexsomnia

automatic, unintentional sexual behaviours during sleep

• Range is broad from moaning to intercourse 

• Can cause relationship problems 

• Disrupts normal sleep cycles 

• Considered a sleep disorder rather than paraphillia

prevention paraphillias

• Primary prevention: intervening in home life or in other factors during childhood 

  • Difficult 

• Analyze the components of sexual development and see which areas are disturbed

• Prevent childhood abuse

treatment of paraphillic and nonparaphillic disorders

• Surgical castration

• Hormonal treatment

• Leuprolide acetate

• Psychopharmalogical treatment: antidepressants are administered 

• Cognitive behaviour therapy

  • Different programs needed for men and women

  • Used to treat sex offendrs

  • Most effective

• Skills training: skills on how to interact with others and stuff

• AA type 12 sep programs