PLN AMACE

Soil stability

Shear strength determines the stability of a soil and its ability to resist failure under loading.

Soil bearing capacity

the ability of the surface and subsurface material to carry the weight of the structures. The weight of the building can cause settlement of the soil which in time can damage the building.

Topsoil

critical medium for plants

Aquifers

are underground reservoir of water.

Low water table

problem for water supply and for vegetation

High water table

difficulties in excavation, cause flooding in basements, flood utilities and

unstable foundations

Fluctuating water table

will cause heavy clay soil alternatively to shrink and swell

Underground water course

critical and no structure should be sited over them

Soil liquefaction

generally associated with the reduction in strength and stiffness of a soil as a result of increased pore water pressure caused by earthquake shaking or rapid loading

dry soil

result in higher temperatures and lower

humidity

climate

interacting variables including temperature, water vapor, wind, solar radiation,

precipitation.

local conditions

determine the summer breeze

Latitude

determines the orientation of the sun

ISOLATED BUILDING

enclosed within space

BUILDING ENCLOSING SPACE AND SPACE ENCLOSING BUILDING

interior space becomes cohesive

therefore no elements to alienate buildings.

ENCLOSED SPACE

isolated but cut-up with traffic lines

SPACE COHESIVE

less isolated

UNDER/OVER PASS

unified isolated buildings

BUILT-UP CORNERS

corners are built-up making the design of buildings restricted since a similar shape must be adopted to hold the design together

MONUMENT/STATUE/FOUNTAIN

creates a visual identity for the space

TERMINAL POINTS

is essential in siting a building such as the Piazza San Marco in Venice

GEOMETRIC

Linear or Street Ribbon. A straight road used to connect one community to another.

Crossings are few and far between.

GRIDIRON

Site is divided into square or rectangular blocks

RADIAL

Use of circumferential roads to connect the center of the city to the outskirts a ripple manner.

MEANDERING

Used in highly mountainous sites. Following the contours of the topography

COMBINATION

Using both the geometric and meandering street patterns.

CUL-DE-SAC

The grouping of houses presents a far less difficult problem than that of the straight street.

Is shaped so that the fronting houses automatically create an enclosed space.

Major roads

(major arterials: highways, bi-ways, expressways, super-highways, freeways, motorways,

autobahns, etc.)

Provide unity throughout contiguous urban areas

Usually form boundaries for neighborhoods

Minor access control; channelized intersection; parking generally prohibited

Secondary roads

(minor arterial: avenue, boulevard, etc.)

Main feeder streets

Signals where needed

Stop signs on side streets

Occasionally form boundaries for neighborhoods

Collector streets

Main interior streets

Stop signs on side streets

Local streets

Non-conducive to through traffic

Cul-de-Sac

(dead ends, turn around, T junction, Y junction, hammer, loop)

Street open only to one end with provision for a practical turnaround at the other

Physiological needs

need for water, food, air, warmth

Safety and security needs

both psychological and physiological

Belonging needs

need for affiliation and be a member of a group

Esteem needs

need to be held in esteem by oneself and by others

Actualization needs

need to fulfill one's capacities/potential

Cognitive needs

need to learn

Aesthetic needs

need for sense of beauty

Appropriateness

is a major objective in the design and placement of site furniture elements.

It should respond to the character of a site as well as to its existing and proposed function.

Response to setting

Design should respond to the essential identity or inherent character of a place.

Grading

Involves the remodeling of existing land form to facilitate the functions and circulation of

the site

Average End Area Method

best suited for lineal construction such as roads, paths, and utility trenching

Contour Area Method

appropriate for large, relatively uncomplicated grading plans and may also be used to compute volumes of water in ponds and lakes. Mostly used by landscape architects because it is most accurate.

Borrow Pit Method/Grid Method

is appropriate for complex grading projects and urban conditions, i.e., excavation of buildings.

Finished Grade

the grade after all landscape development has been completed. It is the top surface of lawns, planting beds, pavements, and so on, and is normally designated by contours and spot elevations on a grading plan.

Subgrade

the top of the material on which the surface material such as topsoil and pavement

(including base material) is placed.

Base/Subbase

imported material (normally coarse or fine aggregate) that is typically placed under pavements

WATER SUPPLY

Water intended for human consumption must meet extensive physical, chemical, and biological standards for quality and reliability.

Low-Yield Systems

wells, cisterns and surface catchments - For small project requiring only a limited water supply, there are several possible sources, including wells, springs, cisterns, and surface impoundments (or catchments).

High-Yield Wells

For larger projects, such as a large institution or a new town, a larger well or surface reservoir may be required.

City

work of art, it fosters art and is art.

Sustainable Development

integrates environmental, economic, and social concerns and can meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Development

should not be confined with growth.

Growth

It is concerned with improvement of progress including cultural social and economic dimension.

Financial capital

sound macroeconomic planning and prudent fiscal management.

Physical capital

infrastructure assets such as buildings, machines, roads, power plants, and ports.

Human capital

good health and education to maintain labor markets.

Social capital

people's skills and abilities as well as the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and quantity of a society's social interactions.

Natural capital

natural resources, both commercial and non-commercial, and ecological services which provide the

requirements for life, including food, water, energy, fibers, waste assimilation, climate stabilization, and other life-support services.

Mankind

viewed as custodian of the earth for future

generations.

Street Proportion

the ratio of width of street to height of enclosing

buildings is critical for good street design‟

Urban Design Framework

strategic planning that gives direction to areas in need of repair and undergoing changes

Simulation movement system

in three-dimensional terms has

the quality necessary to meet the two city requirements.

RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE

The idea that the built environment should provide its users with an essentially democratic setting, enriching their opportunities by maximizing the degree of choice available to them.

Permeability

it affects where people can go, and where they cannot

Variety

it affects the range of uses available to people

Legibility

it affects how easily people can understand what

opportunities it offers

robustness

it affects the degree to which people can use a given

place for different purposes

visual appropriateness

it affects whether; the detailed appearance of the place

makes people aware of the choices available

richness

it affects people‟s choice of sensory experience

personalization

it affects the extent to which people can put their own

stamp on the place

Social Architecture

the network of relationships, collaboration, communication and coordination, with supporting agreements, principles, metrics, leadership roles, decision making etc, need to create open and trusting

interactions.

Knowledge Architecture

the body of available knowledge (intellectual capital) to be upgraded to meet new challenges, by orientation, exploration, reflection, sense-making, and shared memory.

Business Architecture

financing, attracting and allocating resources (two-way value propositions), business model to ensure sustainability.

technology Architecture

an advanced online environment with a wide range of tools to support collaboration, communication and coordination in an efficient, effective and enjoyable way.

Community Design Architecture (CDA)

is a systemic, highly scalable and robust methodology for the facilitated co-evolution of communities of practice,

Productive Conversations

A key process for fostering the emergence of new meaning and solutions in communities is the re-combination of ideas born in productive conversations. That re-combination occurs mainly in conversations.

transformational design

is concerned with ensuring that all tools, structures, and processes are optimised for continually meeting the user communities evolving learning needs and aspirations.

Innovation Focus

is concerned with 4 architectural layers as 4 domains of innovation, and with their cross-pollination. The measure of innovation value of each is in the value of new possibilities that they can open to the community.

Urban spatial structure

It involves the deliberate distribution, scaling, and combination or separation of land uses to create an integrated whole which defines the form of the community.

Urban beautification

This involves the landscaping or beautification of public and private areas of the City and the defining of the relationship between the physical location of different uses and the placement of buildings.

Urban decoration

It involves projects such as the choice of street furniture or colored and textured pavers to decorate an area.

Ornament

has more formal overtones - the architectural work

associated with certain architectural styles or the work of individual architects.

- installation of sculpture, fountains, obelisks and similar

features into the urban scene.

Decoration

is used to describe populist activities.

- placing of gnomes in the front garden.

- Topiary work

- Decorating the city for festivals

Buildings

are the most pronounced elements of urban design -

they shape and articulate space by forming the streetwalls of the city.

High quality public realm

all parts of the physical environment of towns and

cities that the public has access to, and that form the setting for community and public life.

Path/Pathways

Major and minor routes of circulation to move about;

the city has a network of major routes and a neighborhood network of minor routes;

Node

A center of activity; distinguished from a landmark by

virtue of its active function;

Seam

When two districts are joined at an edge

Edges

The termination of a district

Landmarks

help in orienting people in the city and help identify an area; should be distinct but in harmony with other elements in the setting; distinct visual object.

Architectural Space

created by the erection of two walls,

creating a space in between them, which is separated from the natural space around them.

Urban Form

is also defined as the spatial pattern or "arrangement" of individual elements within a city system.

THE SQUARE OR PLAZA

An area framed by buildings and designed to exhibit its

buildings to the greatest advantage.

Nuclear Square

space is formed around a centre

Amorphous square

space is unlimited

NEW URBANISM

promotes the creation and restoration of

diverse, walkable, compact, vibrant, mixed-use communities composed of the same components as conventional development, but assembled in a more integrated fashion, in the form of complete communities.

Spirit of the place

it means genius loci

Comic Scenes

exhibit private dwellings, with

balconies and views representing

rows of windows, after the manner

of ordinary dwellings