Geology 1403 Lab Exam 1

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60 Terms

1
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Biotite (Mica)

Dark colored

Streak: White to gray

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 2.5-3

Cleavage: 1 Plane

Other Properties: Thin Sheats

<p>Dark colored</p><p>Streak: White to gray</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 2.5-3</p><p>Cleavage: 1 Plane</p><p>Other Properties: Thin Sheats</p>
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Calcite

Variable to clear

Streak: White to gray

Luster: Vitreous to Earthy

Hardness: 3

Cleavage: 3 Planes (perfect) - rhombohedral

Other Properties: Reacts with HCL acid

<p>Variable to clear</p><p>Streak: White to gray</p><p>Luster: Vitreous to Earthy</p><p>Hardness: 3</p><p>Cleavage: 3 Planes (perfect) - rhombohedral</p><p>Other Properties: Reacts with HCL acid</p>
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Copper

Copper

Streak: Copper

Luster: Metallic / Dull

Hardness: 2.5 -3

Cleavage: None

Other Properties: Tarnishes brown or green

<p>Copper</p><p>Streak: Copper</p><p>Luster: Metallic / Dull</p><p>Hardness: 2.5 -3</p><p>Cleavage: None</p><p>Other Properties: Tarnishes brown or green</p>
4
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Corundum

Red- gray to brown or gray

Streak: White

Luster: Dull

Hardness: 9

Cleavage: None

Other Properties: Hexagonal Crystals

<p>Red- gray to brown or gray</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Dull</p><p>Hardness: 9</p><p>Cleavage: None</p><p>Other Properties: Hexagonal Crystals</p>
5
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Fluorite

Variable Color

Streak: White

Luster: Vitreous (Clear)

Hardness:4

Cleavage: 4 Planes (Octahedral)

Other Properties: Used in Toothpaste

<p>Variable Color</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Vitreous (Clear)</p><p>Hardness:4</p><p>Cleavage: 4 Planes (Octahedral)</p><p>Other Properties: Used in Toothpaste</p>
6
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Galena

Shiny Silver Gray or Dull Gray

Streak: Gray - Dark Gray

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 2.5

Cleavage: 3 Planes at 90 (Cubic)

Other Properties: High Specific Gravity

<p>Shiny Silver Gray or Dull Gray</p><p>Streak: Gray - Dark Gray</p><p>Luster: Metallic</p><p>Hardness: 2.5</p><p>Cleavage: 3 Planes at 90 (Cubic)</p><p>Other Properties: High Specific Gravity</p>
7
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Gypsum

White, Clear, Variable

Streak: White

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 2

Cleavage: No Cleavage or 1 plane

Other Properties: None

<p>White, Clear, Variable</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 2</p><p>Cleavage: No Cleavage or 1 plane</p><p>Other Properties: None</p>
8
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Halite

Clear to gray yellow to red

Streak: White

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 2.5

Cleavage: 3 Planes at 90 (PERFECT)

Other Properties: SALTY

<p>Clear to gray yellow to red</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 2.5</p><p>Cleavage: 3 Planes at 90 (PERFECT)</p><p>Other Properties: SALTY</p>
9
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Hematite (Specular)

Steel Gray

Streak: RED

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 5-6

Cleavage: None

Other Properties: 2 forms

<p>Steel Gray</p><p>Streak: RED</p><p>Luster: Metallic</p><p>Hardness: 5-6</p><p>Cleavage: None</p><p>Other Properties: 2 forms</p>
10
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Hematite (Earthy)

Red

Streak: RED

Luster: Dull

Hardness: 1.5 -3

Cleavage: None

Other Properties: 2 forms

<p>Red</p><p>Streak: RED</p><p>Luster: Dull</p><p>Hardness: 1.5 -3</p><p>Cleavage: None</p><p>Other Properties: 2 forms</p>
11
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Hornblende (Amphibole)

Dark Greek to Black

Streak: White

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 5 -6

Cleavage: 2 planes 56-124

Other Properties: None

<p>Dark Greek to Black</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 5 -6</p><p>Cleavage: 2 planes 56-124</p><p>Other Properties: None</p>
12
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Kaolinite (Clay)

White, Dirty White

Streak: white

Luster: Dull

Hardness: 2 - 2.7

Cleavage: No Apparent (too soft)

Other Properties: Earthy Smell

<p>White, Dirty White</p><p>Streak: white</p><p>Luster: Dull</p><p>Hardness: 2 - 2.7</p><p>Cleavage: No Apparent (too soft)</p><p>Other Properties: Earthy Smell</p>
13
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Limonite

Yellow

Streak: Yellow - brown

Luster: Dull (Earthy)

Hardness: 1.5 - 5.5

Cleavage: None

Other Properties: None

<p>Yellow</p><p>Streak: Yellow - brown</p><p>Luster: Dull (Earthy)</p><p>Hardness: 1.5 - 5.5</p><p>Cleavage: None</p><p>Other Properties: None</p>
14
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Magnetite

Dark Gray - Black

Streak: Dark Gray

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 6

Cleavage: None Apparent

Other Properties: MAGNETIC

<p>Dark Gray - Black</p><p>Streak: Dark Gray</p><p>Luster: Metallic</p><p>Hardness: 6</p><p>Cleavage: None Apparent</p><p>Other Properties: MAGNETIC</p>
15
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Muscovite (Mica)

White to clear silver

Streak: White

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 2.5 - 3

Cleavage: 1 plane - sheets

Other Properties: THIN SHEETS

<p>White to clear silver</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 2.5 - 3</p><p>Cleavage: 1 plane - sheets</p><p>Other Properties: THIN SHEETS</p>
16
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Olivine

Green to Dark Green

Streak: White to shades of green

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 6.5 -7

Cleavage: Indistinct / None

Other Properties: Granular or grainy

<p>Green to Dark Green</p><p>Streak: White to shades of green</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 6.5 -7</p><p>Cleavage: Indistinct / None</p><p>Other Properties: Granular or grainy</p>
17
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Potassium Feldspar

L. color, white, cream, pink

Streak: white

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 6

Cleavage: 2 planes nearly 90

Other Properties: Pink variety is common

<p>L. color, white, cream, pink</p><p>Streak: white</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 6</p><p>Cleavage: 2 planes nearly 90</p><p>Other Properties: Pink variety is common</p>
18
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Plagioclase Feldspar

L. color variable

Streak: White

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 6 - 6.5

Cleavage: 2 planes nearly 90

Other Properties: Striations

<p>L. color variable</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 6 - 6.5</p><p>Cleavage: 2 planes nearly 90</p><p>Other Properties: Striations</p>
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Pyrite

Brass Yellow

Streak: Black, dark green, brown black

Luster: Metallic

Hardness: 6 - 6.5

Cleavage: None - FRACTURE

Other Properties: Cubic crystals with striations (Fool's Gold)

<p>Brass Yellow</p><p>Streak: Black, dark green, brown black</p><p>Luster: Metallic</p><p>Hardness: 6 - 6.5</p><p>Cleavage: None - FRACTURE</p><p>Other Properties: Cubic crystals with striations (Fool's Gold)</p>
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Pyroxene (Augite)

Dark Green to Black

Streak: white to gray

Luster: Vitreous

Hardness: 5.5 - 6

Cleavage: 2 planes of nearly 90

Other Properties: None

<p>Dark Green to Black</p><p>Streak: white to gray</p><p>Luster: Vitreous</p><p>Hardness: 5.5 - 6</p><p>Cleavage: 2 planes of nearly 90</p><p>Other Properties: None</p>
21
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Quartz

Variable L & D

Streak: None

Luster: Vitreous / Shiny

Hardness: 7

Cleavage: Conchoidal - FRACTURE

Other Properties: Scratches Glass

<p>Variable L &amp; D</p><p>Streak: None</p><p>Luster: Vitreous / Shiny</p><p>Hardness: 7</p><p>Cleavage: Conchoidal - FRACTURE</p><p>Other Properties: Scratches Glass</p>
22
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Sphalerite

Bronze to Yellow - Brown

Streak: White to pale, yellow - brown

Luster: Vitreous (cleavage face) to Metallic (crystal faces)

Hardness: 3.5 - 4

Cleavage: Excellent

Other Properties: Rotten Egg Smell, 2 Lusters

<p>Bronze to Yellow - Brown</p><p>Streak: White to pale, yellow - brown</p><p>Luster: Vitreous (cleavage face) to Metallic (crystal faces)</p><p>Hardness: 3.5 - 4</p><p>Cleavage: Excellent</p><p>Other Properties: Rotten Egg Smell, 2 Lusters</p>
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Sulfur

Yellow to Red

Streak: Pale Yellow

Luster: None

Hardness: 1.5 - 2.1

Cleavage: None

Other Properties: Rotten Egg Smell

<p>Yellow to Red</p><p>Streak: Pale Yellow</p><p>Luster: None</p><p>Hardness: 1.5 - 2.1</p><p>Cleavage: None</p><p>Other Properties: Rotten Egg Smell</p>
24
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Talc

Gray to light green

Streak: White

Luster: Pearly, greasy, or dull

Hardness: 1

Cleavage: No cleavage

Other Properties: Soapy Feel

<p>Gray to light green</p><p>Streak: White</p><p>Luster: Pearly, greasy, or dull</p><p>Hardness: 1</p><p>Cleavage: No cleavage</p><p>Other Properties: Soapy Feel</p>
25
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Granite

Origin: Instrusive, slow cooling

Texture: Phaneritic

Composition: Felsic

<p>Origin: Instrusive, slow cooling</p><p>Texture: Phaneritic</p><p>Composition: Felsic</p>
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Diorite

Origin: Intrusive, slow cooling

Texture: Phaneritic

Composition: Intermediate

<p>Origin: Intrusive, slow cooling</p><p>Texture: Phaneritic</p><p>Composition: Intermediate</p>
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Gabbro

Origin: Instrusive, slow cooling

Texture: Phaneritic

Composition: Mafic

<p>Origin: Instrusive, slow cooling</p><p>Texture: Phaneritic</p><p>Composition: Mafic</p>
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Peridotite

Origin: Instrusive, slow cooling

Texture: Phaneritic

Composition: Ultramafic

<p>Origin: Instrusive, slow cooling</p><p>Texture: Phaneritic</p><p>Composition: Ultramafic</p>
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Rhyolite

Origin: extrusive, rapid cooling

Texture: Aphanitic

Composition: Felsic

<p>Origin: extrusive, rapid cooling</p><p>Texture: Aphanitic</p><p>Composition: Felsic</p>
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Andesite

Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling

Texture: Aphanitic

Composition: Intermediate

<p>Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling</p><p>Texture: Aphanitic</p><p>Composition: Intermediate</p>
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Basalt

Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling

Texture: aphantic

Composition: Mafic

<p>Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling</p><p>Texture: aphantic</p><p>Composition: Mafic</p>
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Obsidian

Origin: Extrusive Rapid Cooling

Texture: Glassy

Compostion: Minerals had no time to form

<p>Origin: Extrusive Rapid Cooling</p><p>Texture: Glassy</p><p>Compostion: Minerals had no time to form</p>
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Pumice

origin: Extrusive Rapid Cooling

Texture: Vesicular

Composition: Felsic and Intermediate

<p>origin: Extrusive Rapid Cooling</p><p>Texture: Vesicular</p><p>Composition: Felsic and Intermediate</p>
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Vesicular Basalt

Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling

Texture: Vesicular

Composition: Mafic

<p>Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling</p><p>Texture: Vesicular</p><p>Composition: Mafic</p>
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Volcanic Tuff

Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling

Texture: Pyroclastic

Composition: fragments of Tephra

<p>Origin: Extrusive, Rapid Cooling</p><p>Texture: Pyroclastic</p><p>Composition: fragments of Tephra</p>
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Shale

Composition: Clay

Type: Detrital; Mud, round

Sorting: Well

<p>Composition: Clay</p><p>Type: Detrital; Mud, round</p><p>Sorting: Well</p>
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Arkosic Sandstone

Composition: Rock Fragments or mineral grains

Type: Detrital; Gravel, round

Sorting: Moderate

<p>Composition: Rock Fragments or mineral grains</p><p>Type: Detrital; Gravel, round</p><p>Sorting: Moderate</p>
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Quartz Sandstone

Composition: Sand

Type: Detrital; Sand, round

Sorting: Well

<p>Composition: Sand</p><p>Type: Detrital; Sand, round</p><p>Sorting: Well</p>
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Lithic Sandstone

Composition: Rock Fragments

Type: Detrital; Sand, round

Sorting: Well

<p>Composition: Rock Fragments</p><p>Type: Detrital; Sand, round</p><p>Sorting: Well</p>
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Conglomerate

Composition: Rock fragments and mineral grains

Type: Detrital; Gravel, rounded

Sorting: Moderate to poor

<p>Composition: Rock fragments and mineral grains</p><p>Type: Detrital; Gravel, rounded</p><p>Sorting: Moderate to poor</p>
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Breccia

Composition: Rock Fragments and mineral grains

Type: Detrital; Gravel, Angular

Sorting: Poor

<p>Composition: Rock Fragments and mineral grains</p><p>Type: Detrital; Gravel, Angular</p><p>Sorting: Poor</p>
42
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Rock Salt

Composition: Halite

Type: Chemical(inorganic)

Info: Softer than glass, salty taste

<p>Composition: Halite</p><p>Type: Chemical(inorganic)</p><p>Info: Softer than glass, salty taste</p>
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Rock Gypsum

Composition: gypsum

Type: Chemical(inorganic)

Info: Softer than finger nail, sugary look

<p>Composition: gypsum</p><p>Type: Chemical(inorganic)</p><p>Info: Softer than finger nail, sugary look</p>
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Oolitic Limestone

Composition: Calcite; spherical grains(ooids)

Type: Chemical(inorganic)

Info: Easy to tell

<p>Composition: Calcite; spherical grains(ooids)</p><p>Type: Chemical(inorganic)</p><p>Info: Easy to tell</p>
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Chert

Composition: Quartz

Type: Chemical(inorganic)

Info: Conchoidal Fracture, harder than glass

<p>Composition: Quartz</p><p>Type: Chemical(inorganic)</p><p>Info: Conchoidal Fracture, harder than glass</p>
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Peat

Composition: Plant Fragments

Type: Biochemical(organic)

Info: visible plant remains, first stage of coal

<p>Composition: Plant Fragments</p><p>Type: Biochemical(organic)</p><p>Info: visible plant remains, first stage of coal</p>
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Lignite

knowt flashcard image
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Bituminous Coal

Composition : Carbonized Plant Fragments

Type: Biochemical(Organic)

Info: Black to dark brown; brittle; sooty; light in mass

<p>Composition : Carbonized Plant Fragments</p><p>Type: Biochemical(Organic)</p><p>Info: Black to dark brown; brittle; sooty; light in mass</p>
49
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Micrite Limestone

knowt flashcard image
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Chalk

Composition: Calcite(limestone)

Type: Biochemical(organic)

Info: Microscopic shells, powdery Reacts with HCl!!!!

<p>Composition: Calcite(limestone)</p><p>Type: Biochemical(organic)</p><p>Info: Microscopic shells, powdery Reacts with HCl!!!!</p>
51
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Coquina

Composition: Calcite(Limestone)

Type: Biochemical(organic)

Info: Well sorted hash of shell fragments, porous, little visible matrix or cement

<p>Composition: Calcite(Limestone)</p><p>Type: Biochemical(organic)</p><p>Info: Well sorted hash of shell fragments, porous, little visible matrix or cement</p>
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Fossiliferous Limestone

Composition: Calcite(Limestone)

Type: Biochemical(organic)

Info: Fossilized shell in a fine grain matrix

<p>Composition: Calcite(Limestone)</p><p>Type: Biochemical(organic)</p><p>Info: Fossilized shell in a fine grain matrix</p>
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Slate

Luster:dull

Cleavage: 1 direction(salty rock cleavage)

Info: Rings when tapped with a nail, foliated

<p>Luster:dull</p><p>Cleavage: 1 direction(salty rock cleavage)</p><p>Info: Rings when tapped with a nail, foliated</p>
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Phyllite

Luster: Satiny

Cleavage: Breaks along wrinkled or foliated planes

Info: small micaceous minerals barely visible, foliated

<p>Luster: Satiny</p><p>Cleavage: Breaks along wrinkled or foliated planes</p><p>Info: small micaceous minerals barely visible, foliated</p>
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Schist

Luster: Platy minerals?

Cleavage: along scaly foliation

Info: possible in many mineral varieties

<p>Luster: Platy minerals?</p><p>Cleavage: along scaly foliation</p><p>Info: possible in many mineral varieties</p>
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Gneiss

Luster: Dull

Cleavage: ?

Info: Genissic Banding along light and dark mineral bands

<p>Luster: Dull</p><p>Cleavage: ?</p><p>Info: Genissic Banding along light and dark mineral bands</p>
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Anthracite Coal

Luster: Shiny

Cleavage: Fracture

info: black, made of Carbon

<p>Luster: Shiny</p><p>Cleavage: Fracture</p><p>info: black, made of Carbon</p>
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Marble

Luster: Satiny?

Info: Reacts with acid; softer than glass; many color varieties

<p>Luster: Satiny?</p><p>Info: Reacts with acid; softer than glass; many color varieties</p>
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Quartzite

Luster: Shiny

Info: grains not rub off like sandstone, harder than glass

<p>Luster: Shiny</p><p>Info: grains not rub off like sandstone, harder than glass</p>
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Serpentinite

Luster: dull Metamorphic, non-foliated

<p>Luster: dull Metamorphic, non-foliated</p>