Chemistry- Reversible Reactions and Equlibrium
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26 Terms
1
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what is a reversible reaction
a reaction that can be made to go in either direction depending on the conditions
2
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what does anhydrous mean
without water
3
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is the energy change in the forwards direction is -x, what is it in the backwards direction
equally positive, +x
4
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how do we use anhydrous copper sulphate to test for water
add the sample liquid to the anhydrous copper sulphate, if it turns from white to blue, it is water
5
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what is a sign that a direction of reaction is endothermic
it needs to be heated
6
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what is dynamic equilibrium
when the forwards and backwards rate of reactions are equal in a reversible reaction, so the concentration and amount of each substance doesnât change
7
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how can dynamic equilibrium be reached
when a reversible reaction takes place in a closed system
8
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what is meant when we say the equilibrium âlies to the leftâ
that at equilibrium, there is more A (left) than B (right)
9
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how can we tell when dynamic equilibrium has been reached
concentration stays constant, shows by 2 parallel straight lines
10
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what is meant by a closed system
no substances are added/lost from the system
11
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state Le Chatelierâs principle
the position of the equilibrium will shift to oppose an external change
12
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what effect does increasing the concentration of A (left) have
the equilibrium will shift to the right
13
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what effect does decreasing the concentration of A (left) have
the equilibrium will shift to the left
14
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what effect does increasing pressure have
the equilibrium will shifts to the side with fewer moles (use big numbers)
15
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what effect does decreasing pressure do
the equilibrium will shift to the side with more moles
16
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what effect does pressure have if the amount of moles is balanced
it has no effect
17
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if we increase pressure what else increases
the rate of reaction
18
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how can increased pressure increase yield
whichever direction the equilibrium shifts in, more of this will be made
19
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what needs to be done to carry out thermal decomposition
heating the substance
20
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what effect does increasing temperature have
it shifts the equilibrium in the endothermic direction
21
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what effect does decreasing temperature have
the equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction
22
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how can we tell if a forwards reaction is exothermic
\-it will have a negative energy change (exes negative vibes)
23
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what does a positive energy change indicate
an endothermic reaction
24
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what 3 things must be referenced when temperature effect on equilibrium
\-direction
\-exo/endothermic?
\-change opposed
\-exo/endothermic?
\-change opposed
25
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how can we tell which direction is exo/endothermic if we donât know energy change
if the substances in the reaction are coloured, we could observe the colour change caused by increasing temperature
\-ie, if forwards reaction product was blue, and increased temp made the substance more blue, then the forwrdas reaction is endothermic
\-ie, if forwards reaction product was blue, and increased temp made the substance more blue, then the forwrdas reaction is endothermic
26
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explain how a catalyst increases the rate of reaction
it provides an alternative reaction route with a lower activation energy