32 Swine Respiratory Diseases I: Bacterial Pathogens

Atrophic rhinitis

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

Pasteurella multocida

Pleuropneumonia

Actinobacillus suis

Name the major BACTERIAL pathogens that cause respiratory disease in swine

a. PRRS

c. SIV

d. PCV2

f. PRV

There are two broad categories of swine respiratory disease: 1. those that affect large numbers of pigs and may be serious but limited duration AND 2. those that persist in large numbers of pigs for indefinite periods

Select the following that are part of the first category:

a. PRRS

b. APP (actinobacillus pleuropneumonia)

c. SIV

d. PCV2

e. Pasteurella multocida

f. PRV

b. APP (actinobacillus pleuropneumonia)

c. Atrophic Rhinitis

e. Pasteurella multocida

f. Mycoplasma hyopneumonia

There are two broad categories of swine respiratory disease: 1. those that affect large numbers of pigs and may be serious but limited duration AND 2. those that persist in large numbers of pigs for indefinite periods

Select the following that are part of the second category:

a. PRRS

b. APP (actinobacillus pleuropneumonia)

c. Atrophic Rhinitis

d. PCV2

e. Pasteurella multocida

f. Mycoplasma hyopneumonia

Porcine Respiratory disease complex

This is a term used to describe the outcome of interactions of multiple respiratory pathogens, pig specific factors, and environmental factors

Atrophic rhinitis, progressive atrophic rhinitis

What is this?

Atrophic rhinitis, progressive atrophic rhinitis

What infectious disease in pigs is characterized by snuffing, sneezing, snorting, and nosebleeds due to progressive atrophy and distortion of the turbinates?

Pig must be over 1 week old because it takes time for the distortion to happen and cause clinical signs

How old does a pig have to be AT LEAST to be affected by atrophic rhinitis?

Bordetella bronchisepitica and Pasteurella multocida type D

What two causative agents are involved in causing atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

0 = normal, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = complete destruction

You score atrophic rhinitis based on how bad the cartilage has been eaten away and deviation of the nasal septum. What are the grades?

Nasal swab bacterial cultures

What is the best way to diagnose atrophic rhinitis?

FALSE: significance has declined substantially and is no longer considered a major health risk

TRUE OR FALSE: Atrophic rhinitis is currently considered a major health risk to commercial pig herds

Yes

Is there a labeled antibiotic for atrophic rhinitis?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

A pig presents with labored breathing and patchy, red inflammed areas in the lungs. What is the primary pathogen?

Depopulate and restock, improve ventilation and housing, vaccinate, give antibiotics to swine around time of farrowing

What things can you do to control atrophic rhinitis?

Mycoplasmal pneumonia, "Myco"

This CHRONIC respiratory disease of swine is characterized by coughing, slow growth, and reduced feed efficiency, seen in grower and finisher pigs, having a central role in porcine respiratory disease

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae

What Mycoplasma causes sporadic epidemic synovitis in growing swine?

Mycoplasma hyorhinis

What Mycoplasma causes fibrinous polyserositis in young pigs?

Destroys cilia in upper respiratory tract

What does Mycoplasmal pneumonia destroy in pigs, predisposing to lung complications and the "thumping" clinical sign?

THUMPING, dry hacking repetitive cough

note: must differentiate from pleuropneumonia which also has thumping

What clinical sign is most evident of Mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs?

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

A pig presents with cranioventral lesions and had thumping and dry hacking cough. Thoughts

Cranioventral

Where will distribution be visible in the lungs with Mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs?

PCR and histopath

What is the mainstay diagnostic for Mycoplasmal pneumonia or "Myco" in pigs?

Lung, bronchial/nasal swab, oral fluids, serum

What can you submit for testing for Mycoplasmal pneumonia for pigs?

Yes

Does mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs have labeled antibiotics?

Major

Mycoplasmal pneumonia is considered a major or minor contributor of PRDC?

Yes

Does mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs have vaccines available?

Pasteurella multocida = cranioventral distribution of pleuritis and fibrinonecrotic pericarditis

note: haemophilus and mycoplasma would be differentials

What is this in pigs?

Often NOT a primary pathogen. Seen in pigs as a complication of other disease processes like Mycoplasmal pneumonia. Opportunistic role

Describe the role of Pasteurella in the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

Type D

Which Pasteurella type is clinically relevant in porcine respiratory disease complex

injection

What is the BEST WAY to give labeled antibiotics to pigs suffering from pasteurella multocida

Yes, somewhat effective

Is there a vaccine for Pasteurella multocida for pigs?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

What causes Pleuropneumonia in pigs, a highly contagious disease characterized by short clinical course and rapid onset, high morbidity and mortaliy

Pigs

actinobacillus pleuropneumonia is a gram NEGATIVE bacteria highly host specific for what animal?

Nose to nose contact and fomites, limited aerosol transmission

What allows for transmission of Pleuropneumonia?

Nose to nose and nasal secretions, short distance aerosol

What is transmission of Mycoplasmal pneumonia like in pigs?

Hemolysin

What is the exotoxin produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia AND suis?

Thumping, open mouth breathing, sudden death, fever, blood stained frothy nasal/oral discharge

note: must differentiate from Mycoplasmal pneumonia which also has thumping

Name the clinical signs most evident of pleuropneumonia in pigs

Pleuropneumonia: fibrinonecrotic and hemorrhagic pneumonia

Lungs dark and swollen, ooze bloody fluid from cut surface

Describe this pig lung and what is causing it?

Pleuropneumonia: fibrinonecrotic and hemorrhagic pneumonia

Infarcts occur and cut off circulation to certain portions of the lung

Describe this pig lung and what is causing it?

Significant

What is the role of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia in porcine respiratory disease complex?

Type 1, 5, 7, and 15

What strains of actinobacillus pleuropneumonia are clinically significant?

PCR, Culture and sensitivity

How do you diagnose actinobacillus pleuropneumonia and suis?

Yes

Does pleuropneumonia have a vaccine in pigs

yes

Does actinobacillus pleuropneumonia and suis have labeled antibiotics in pigs

Suis: less severe and shorter duration

Actinobacillus suis can look a lot like pleuropneumonia. So, what is the difference?

Actinobacillus suis

A younger pig presents with sudden death attributable to bacterial septicemia. The pig had cyanotic extremities and CNS signs including tremors, shaking, and paddling. Thoughts?

Grow/finish, recently weaned

What population of pig does Actinobacillus suis most commonly affect?

Actinobacillus suis and Pasteurella multocida

What two pathogens are opportunistic in porcine respiratory disease complex

Opportunistic

Describe actinobacillus suis's role in porcine respiratory disease complex?

a. bordetella bronchiseptica

Which respiratory disease of pigs presents with patchy, red inflammed areas of the lungs when primary pathogen?

a. bordetella bronchiseptica

b. mycoplasmal pneumonia

c. pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

b. mycoplasmal pneumonia

Which respiratory disease of pigs presents with cranioventral distribution that demarcates disease from normal?

a. bordetella bronchiseptica

b. mycoplasmal pneumonia

c. pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

c. pasteurella multocida

Which respiratory disease of pigs presents with suppurative cranioventral bronchopneumonia with pleuritis and fibrinous pericarditis?

a. bordetella bronchiseptica

b. mycoplasmal pneumonia

c. pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

Which respiratory disease of pigs presents with fibrinohemorrhagic and hemorrhagic pneumonia associated with infarcts?

a. bordetella bronchiseptica

b. mycoplasmal pneumonia

c. pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia

a. Atrophic Rhinitis

b. Mycoplasmal pneumonia (myco)

c. Pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

e. Actinobacillus suis

Select which of the following diseases HAVE (labeled) treatment options in pigs:

a. Atrophic Rhinitis

b. Mycoplasmal pneumonia (myco)

c. Pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

e. Actinobacillus suis

a. IFFY Atrophic Rhinitis

b. Mycoplasmal pneumonia (myco)

c. IFFY Pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

e. IFFY Actinobacillus suis

Select which of the following diseases HAVE vaccine options in pigs:

a. Atrophic Rhinitis

b. Mycoplasmal pneumonia (myco)

c. Pasteurella multocida

d. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

e. Actinobacillus suis