11 - Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD) 2026

Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)

Abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic (placental) tissue

•   molar pregnancies

•   invasive moles

•   gestational choriocarcinoma

•   placental site trophoblastic tumors

•   epithelioid trophoblastic tumors

Five major classifications of GTD

b-hCG

Tumor marker for diagnosing GTD and as a tool for measuring the effects of treatment

Snowstorm pattern

Ultrasound findings for GTD

FIGO staging of malignant GTD

Revised FIGO scoring system for GTD

Persistent postmolar GTD and invasive mole

Hydropic chorionic villi and trophoblast proliferation into the myometrium

Gestational choriocarcinoma

Most common trophoblastic neoplasm to follow term pregnancy or miscarriage

• 50% after a complete molar pregnancy

• 25% after a normal-term pregnancy

• 25% after miscarriage, abortion, or ectopic pregnancy

Rate of gestational choriocarcinoma development

placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT)

Extremely rare tumors from invasion of the myometrium and vasculature from intermediate cytotrophoblasts of the placental implantation site

Epithelioid trophoblastic tumors

Rare tumor from chorionic-type intermediate trophoblast;

Uterus is mainly involved;

Presents with vaginal bleeding with low hCG levels