module ten

third month of fetal development

most primary ossification centers have appeared in the diaphyses of bone

birth to 5 years

secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses

4-14

ossification is spreading rapidly from the ossification centers and various bones are becoming ossified

17-20

bone of upper limbs and scapulae becoming completely ossified1

18-23

bone of the lower limbs and pelvis become completely ossiified

23-26

cone of the sternum and vertebrae become completley ossifiiedb

25

the age at which nearly all bones are completly ossiifed

technical factors

this is common practice to annoate these (___) onto the image. gives those imaging the patient in the future a starting point and thus reducing the chance of a repate images due to poor technique selection

wet diaper artifact

this is a common artifact that is seen in pediatric imaging and must be removed

it will impede proper visualization of lower abdominal pelvic structures

(should always remove this even if it is not dirty)

radiocapitellar line

one of two lines usded to confrim the presence of a supracondylar fracture in an elbow

Seen either on AP or lateral projections

line is drawn through the middle of the radius and should pass through the middle of the capitulum (when it doesn’t, this is an indicator)

anterior humeral line

one of two lines usded to confrim the presence of a supracondylar fracture in an elbow

in a lateral eblow projection

the line is drawn on the anterior border of the humerus
Should pass through through the middle 1/3 of the capitulum (when it doesn’t, this is an indicator)

AP supine

what oritenation would the CXR be taken in if the patient is unable to support their head

some restrainng devices have more OID when used

eighth posterior ribs

what is the posterior rib level the diaphragm should be seen around for good inspiration on a pediatric CXR

due to a combo of two factors:

• newborn lung fields are wider than long

• supine position allows for the lungs to be further compressed by abdominal structures

(If they can be inaged upright or are an older pediatric, it is expected that it goes to the ninth)
(the amount of inspiration coincides with the change of lungs from wide and short to being narrower and longer)