Cell organelles

Flagellum

a hair like appendage that helps provide motility (useful in liquid environments)

Cytoplasm

everything that isn’t the nucleus (cytosol + organelles)

Microvilli

finger-like appendages for increasing surface area, used to enhance absorption or secretion

Peroxisome

membrane-bound organelles found in virtually all eukaryotic, needed for metabolism and detoxification (contains enzymes)

Cytoskeleton

network of protein fillaments to help maintain shape and movement (made of microtubules and microfilaments)

endoplasmic reticulum

where lipid, protein and more components are assembled to be exported

Mitochondrion

takes chemical enegry (food) and transforms it to useful energy “powerhouse of the cell”

Microtubule

hollow tubes made of a protein (tubulin) that also makes up cilla and flagella

Centrioles

near the nucleus, help organize cell division

Centrosome

serves as the primary microtubule-organizing center, organizes the microtubule-cytoskeleton system. 

microfilament

thin strings that help with movement

plasma membrane

seperates outside of the cell from inside the cell

secretory vesicle

stores and transports materials, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, enzymes, or other proteins, from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane for release outside the cell

Membrane-bound ribosome

specific to rough ER, synthesizing proteins for secretion, integration into cellular membranes, or delivery to organelles like lysosomes

lysosomes

breaks down cellular waste, gets rid of organelles that are no longer useful, does this with enzymes

Smooth ER

synthesis of lipids and steroids hormones for the cell membrane

Rough ER

synthesize proteins that are to be secreted from the cell, incorporated into the plasma membrane, or delivered to organelles within the endomembrane system, such as lysosomes

Intermediate filament

primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting mechanical stress, such as tension, compression, bending, and twisting forces (stable network)

Cilium

Motile Cilia: generate movement to propel cells (movement)
Non-Motile Cilia: sensory organelles to transmit signals from outside of cell to inside cell

Proteasome

responsible for the degradation of intracellular proteins through proteolysis, a process that breaks peptide bonds

free ribosomes

synthesize proteins that are used within the cell itself (unlike bound ribosomes which synthesize proteins for secretion)

Pericentriolar material

surrounds centriols and forms the centrosone (main microtubule), it is a critical platform for nucleating and anchoring microtubules

Golgi Apparatus/complex

modify, sort, and package things for either storage or secretion

Nuclear envelope

2 membranes covering the nucleus, the inner membrane is folded inside of the outer membrane

Nuclear pore

a pore to let genetic info/instruction/other operations in or out of the nucleus

chromatin

DNA bound protein in the nucleus (sorta grainy)

Nucleolus

inner most part of the nucleus, the assembly of ribosomes begins here

Glycogen granules

serve as the primary storage form of glucose in animals, acting as a readily accessible energy reserve