Lesson 2 Charles Darwin and his Theory on Evolution

Who is considered the Father of Evolution?

Charles Darwin

In what year was Charles Darwin born?

1809

What is the key concept of Darwin's Theory of Evolution?

Evolution is the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.

What was one of the significant influences on Darwin's thinking?

James Hutton's Theory of Geological change.

What did Thomas Malthus contribute to Darwin's ideas about population growth?

He suggested that living beings compete for resources, leading to the survival of the fittest.

What is Lamarck's theory of evolution based on?

The idea of a tendency toward perfection and inheritance of acquired traits.

What was the primary role of Charles Darwin on the HMS Beagle?

To collect specimens and make observations to contribute to scientific understanding.

Which islands did Darwin study that influenced his theories?

The Galapagos Islands.

How many species of finches inhabit the Galapagos Islands?

13 species.

What is one example of natural selection observed by Darwin?

The adaptation of finches' beaks to their specific diets.

What does 'survival of the fittest' refer to in evolutionary theory?

It refers to the idea that individuals best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

What are the five basic components of natural selection?

Variation, Inheritance, Differential Survival and Reproduction, Adaptation, Selective Pressure.

What happens to the characteristics of fit individuals in a population over time?

They increase in prevalence, while less favored traits diminish.

When was 'The Origin of Species' published?

November 24, 1859.

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A diagram showing the evolutionary history of a species.

What is the difference between divergent and convergent evolution?

Divergent evolution is the formation of new species from an existing species; convergent evolution is when unrelated species evolve similar traits as they adapt to similar environments.