Unit one test flashcards

AORN

association of perioperative registered nurse. Supports safe surgical practices. Provides guidelines for perioperative nursing.

JHACO

joint commision of accreditation of healthcare organization. develops standards and accredits healthcare organizations in the united states.

OSHA

occupational safety and health administration. federal organization designed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees. a chapter of department of labor.

NBSTSA

national board of surgical technology and surgical assisting. Sets standards for education and certification.

Describe OSHA guidelines as they pretain to healthcare

OSHA requires all facilites to provide employees with the msds/sds (safety data sheet), they have a bloodborne pathogens standard which is what employees must do to protect workers whose jobs put them at risk for encountering blood and other potentionally materials.

MSDS- what is it? who requires it? what information is found on it?

safety data sheet is required by OSHA and is information including potential hazards (health, fire, reactivty and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product.

Define the terms emergent, urgent, and elective

Emerent means immediate surgical intervention is required (life or death), urgent means surgical intervention within a short period of time (hours), and elective is a planned, non-emergent procedure that may either be required or optional.

What is the purpose of surgery?

correct deformities or defects, repair injuries, alter form or structures, diagnose, cure disease processes, relieve suffering, and prolong life.

Describe some of the potential disease risks to healthcare workers

hepatitis b, hep c, hep d, HIV, herpes virus, hpv, tb, mrsa, airborne, contact and droplet diseases.

Describe standard precautions as they apply to the OR environment

handwashing, ppe, n-95 masks, vaccines, education, neutral zones/ one hand method when recapping needles, never leave sharps out on mayo stand.

Describe how exposure to blood borne pathogens is managed

Report any open wounds that get touched by fluid, always cover wounds, alert team members and hand of sharps is injury occurs, if fluid gets in the eyes, nose or mouth flush with large amount of water. neutral zones for infected persons sharps.

Define directional terms related to medical terminology

Peri-around, trans-across or through, sub-under, below, para-near, beside, abnormal

Define these terms: prefix, word root, suffix, combining form

prefix- added to the beginning of a root word to indicare direction, location, position, numberm quantity, time, speed, severity or direction. Word root- foundation of medical term, describes the specific body system, organ or tissue being operated on. Suffix- indicates a procedure, condition, disorder or disease. Combining form- vowel that helps combine a prefix, root or suffix together

List the name of the body cavities and what organs are within these areas

Dorsal cavity includes the cranial cavity: brain, Spinal cavity: spinal cord. Ventral cavity includes the thoracic cavity: heart, lungs, esophagus, abdominal cavity: bowel, gallbladder, kidneys, and pelvic cavity: pelvic organs, uterus, ovaries

What are the quadrants of the abdomen and know which organs are located within the area.

Right upper quadrant: liver, gallbladder, right kidney and adrenal gland. Left upper quadrant: spleen, left kidney and adrenal gland, largest part of the stomach. Right lower quadrant: cecum, appendix, right ovary, fallopian tube and ureter. Left lower quadrant: descending colon, left ovary and fallopian tube, left ureter.

What is the chain of command within the operating room?

1st-charge nurse, 2nd-OR manager, 3rd-director of surgical services, 4th-director of nursing, 5th-human resources

Define these terms perioperative, intraoperative, postoperative

Preoperative- before surgery, Intraoperative-during surgery, Postoperative-after surgery

Personnel in the operating room department and their duties

Surgeon- lead physician of the operation and overall pt care; performs the surgical procedure, makes critical medical decisions. PA-surgeons extra pair of hands, control bleeding, retract tissue, help with dissection and exposure of surgical site, suture of close incisions under surgeon’s direction. RN/CN- assist opening sterile supplies, greats and identifies patient and provides direct patient care, perform surgical counts, transport patient onto OR table. CRNA/anesthesia- administer and manage anesthetics agents, continues monitor vital signs, breathing, and bp during surgery. Surgical technologist- sanitize and organize surgical tools, opening sterile supplies, hand instruments and supplies to surgeon, count supplies before and after surgery, maintain sterile field.

What are some limitation of a surgical tech?

we cannot clamp, cut, suture or alter tissue, administer anesthetic agents, administer meds, drill, obtain or administer blood and sign off on OR record.

Created first ventricular assist pump

debakey

had meticulous closure, created latex gloves

halstead

“father of modern surgery”, used carbolic acid

lister

Discovered germ theory, founded microbiology

Pasteur

Discovered x-rays

Roentgen

founded ligatures

pare

“father of medicine”

hippocrates

first anatomist

galen

list proper OR attire, proper sterile attire, and what PPE is and its components

OR attire: hopsital scrubs, hair cover, shoe coverings, masks. Sterile attire: sterile gown, sterile gloves, eyewear. PPE is personal protective equipment and includes gloves, gown, face mask or n-95, eyewear and head and shoe covers.

What does the term diaphoresis mean?

excessive sweating

AST

association of surgical technologist. Publishes core curriculum for surgical technologist. "aegar primo" means patient first.

Discuss the purpose of OSHA

OSHA is occupational safety and healthy administration. it is a chapter of the department of war and its purpose is to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees.

Discuss the Bloodborne pathogens standard.

Infectious microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, present in human blood and other bodily fluids and can cause disease. A federal rule created by OSHA that protects workers from health dangers linked to human blood and infectious bodily fluids.

Identify methods of compliance for universal precautions in the OR

Handwashing after contact with all patients and after removing gloves, gowns, gloves, masks (n-95 if neccessary), vaccinations, warning signs of hazards and exposure control plan.

Compare and Contrast HIV and HBV infections

HIV attacks and compromises the immune system, premits opportunistic infections, malignancies and neurologic diseases to attack the body, no vaccine to prevent/protect.

Hepatitis B-HBV causes inflammation of the liver, jaundice, cirrhosis. two types of vaccines to prevent and protect. 95% of those recieving the vaccine against hepatitis A&B. there are five types.

Identify preventative measures for HIV and HBV

Standard precautions and PPE, proper and frequent handwashing, sharps management, proper handling of sharps containers and biohazard bags, all contaminated waste should go into a biohazard or sharps container, proper decontaminated of intruments, rooms and linen, vaccinated against HBV.

List exposure protocols for the ST program

The needlestick safety and prevention act (employers required to evaluate, select and use engineering controls to elimate or minimize exposure to contaminated sharps), Incident report should always be completed regardless if you know whose blood you were exposed to.

Hep B and Hep C attack which organ?

the liver

Blood is the only body fluid that can carry pathogens. True or False

False

An incident should only be completed if you do not know whose blood you were exposed to. True or False

False

How often should exposure control plans be updated?

annually

Aids is caused by which virus?

human immunodefiency virus (HIV)

Individuals have the right to view and obtain a copy of their protected health information. True or False

True

There are three seperate regulations referred to as the privacy rule, security rule, and information rule. True or false

False it isnt the information rule it is the breech notification rule.

State law trumps federal HIPAA, unless HIPAA is stricter. True or False

False

Name the three basic lines of thinking that surgeons based their practice.

first do no harm, second determine necessity of surgical intervention and type of procedure to be preformed, third offer possible treatments and discuss risks and benefits of the procedure.

Define surgery.

Physical manipulation of bodily structures to diagnose, prevent, or cure an ailment.

Name the first surgical instrument.

A surgical knife (scapel)

Give the name of the person who is known as the father of medicine

hippocrates

Describe why little progress was made in surgery through the centuries.

Nomadic lifestyle, religon, war.

Identify when ether was first used as an anesthetic and what was used prior to that time to lessen pain.

in the 1840s crawford lond discovered ether and before that banana wine (alcohol) was used to lessen the pain.

list the methods used to control hemorrhage in ancient Greece and Rome during the middle ages, in the 16th century and into the 20th century.

eugyptains used a fire drill (heated instuements, ancient greece used red hot irons, boiling oil or tar.

discuss when it was finally known that infection was caused by germs.

Pasteur discoovered germ theory in 1850

Explain the rules for combining form

Rule one is root + suffix (consonant)- if suffix begins with a constant, keep the combining vowel.

Rule two root +siffix (vowel)- if suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel

Rule three root + root- when joining to word root together, alwaus keep the combining vowel even if the second root begins with a vowel

Rule 4 prefix + root- never use a combining vowel to attack a prefix to a word root

Define teminology pertaining to the body and its systems.

Sagittal plane- divides the body into left and right portions

Frontal/coronal plane- divides the body into front and back

Transverse plane- divides the body into superior and inferior sections

stenosis

abdnormal narrowing

sclelorsis

abdnormal hardening

necrosis

tissue death

malacia

abdnormal softening

dynia

pain

itis

inflammation

tripsy

crushing or breaking up a structure in the body

scopy

the visual examination of an internal body part with a camera

pexy

surgical fixation or suspension of an organ or body part

desis

surgical binding, fixation or fusion of a body part

-tome

an insturment used for cutting or sectioning

oma

tumor, mass, swelling, abnormal growth

centesis

a surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas from a body cavity

graphy

the process of recording, writing, or creating a diagnostic image

plasty

surgical repair, reconstruction, or reshaping of a body part

gram

a record, drawing, or image produced by a diagnostic procedure

rrhea

flow or discharge of bodliy fluids

megaly

abnormal enlargement or large size of a specified body part or organ

algia

pain or painful condition

osis

an abnormal condition, disease, state, or increase

ac

pertaining to

otomy

a surgical incision or cutting into an organ, tissue, or body part without removing it

ectomy

the surgical removal or excision of an organ, tissue, or body part

dys

bad, difficult, painful

ostomy

surgically created opening

rrhage/rrhagia

a bursting forth, abnormal flow, or profuse discharge of blood.

rrhaphy

surgical suturing or stitching of a body part

gastr/o

stomach

thorac

chest

cardia

heart

aterio

atery

hepat/o

liver

brady

slow

identify different types of healthcare facilities

government supported: tax funded by public

non-proprietary: does not make profits for owners

proprietary: makes profits for owners/investors

list the means by which hospials are funded

government, does not make profit, investors

list other facilities where surgery may be prefromed

hopsital based units, staelitte surgery centers, freestanding ambulatory surgery

describe typical hospital organizational structure

direct patient care and indirect patient care

state the purpose of each member or group in the hosptial organizational structure

direct patient care provides hands on patient care while indirect patient care works in the hospital but not involving patients.

explain various methods of covering health care costs.

charitable donation, fee for service, health insurance, health maintaenance organization, preferrred provider organization, medicare and medicaid.

discuss the impact of government in the delivery of health care

the government introduced two plans medicare and medicaid to help those who cannot work, are retired, or cannot afford health insurance.

define healthcare reform

aims at improving access, affordability and quality of care