anatomy and physiology exam 1

What is the best explanation as to why cells are considered the smallest units of living things?

Cells are the simplest structure to fit all of the characteristics necessary to be considered alive

What are the survival needs of the body?

Nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure and oxygen

Describe negative nd positive feedback

Positive feedback: when the body’s response strengthens or increases the original change

Negative: when the body detects a change and wants to oppose the change aka keeping homeostasis

Homeostatic imbalance

The body cannot maintain a stable internal environment

What region is the coral joint found in?

Hip region

What is a pollex?

Thumb

Popliteal pulse point

Posterior knee

Medial cubical vein

Located anterior elbow

Correct description of the human body while in anatomical position

Body is erect with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body

Where is the umbilicus compared to the chin

Umbilicus is caudal to the chin

Caudal

Toward the feet/lower part of the body

Axial

A division that includes the head, neck and trunk

Metatarsal

Foot, anterior and most distal

Patellar

Front of knee

Tarsal

Ankle

Hallie

Big toe

Femoral

thigh

Occipital

Back of head

Vertebral

Spine

Lumbar

Lower back

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Sacral

Base of the spine between hips

Cervical

Neck

sural

Calf back of lower leg

Calaneal

Heel

Olecranal

Back of elbow

What is in the left iliac region

Intestines, left ureter and in females left ovary

Parietal pleura

serous membrane lining thoracic cavity

Visceral pleura

Covers the lungs

Parietal pericardium

Associated with the heart

Peritoneum

Associated with the abdominal cavity

In which body cavities are the lungs located

Pleural, ventral and thoracic

Dorsal cavity

In the back containing brain and spinal cord

Which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

Left upper quadrant

Mediastinum

Middle of 5e chest; subdivision of the thoracic cavity

Field of view eyepiece magnification

4x= 4.5mm

10x= 1.8mm

40x= 0.45mm

formula to find the size of a cell

Field of view # divided by fit #

Transcription

Creating an almost exact copy of a section of DNA

Process of creating protein

starts in transcription and coded to mRNA, ribosome reads it and translates it into protein, rough ER modifies protein, golgi to modify and package, can go to cell membrane or outside of the cell or the smooth ER,

Smooth ER

synthesize lipids and carbs

Lysosome

Break down chemicals

Vacuole

Storage of different chemicals

Cytoskeleton

Made of microtubules and filaments

The most abundant protein in the body

Collagen

The structure level of a polypeptide

Primary

What subatomic particle has an AMU of zero?

Electron

What element is necessary fr nerve impulses

Na+

The 4 elements that make up 96% of body weight

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Anion

Atom that gains electrons

A chemical reaction where bonds are broken is usually associated with what?

Releasing energy

Anabolism

Builds

Catabolism

Breaks down

Carbs and proteins are built up from basic building blocks by the

Removal of water molecules between the two

Starch

A polysaccharide stored in plants

Plasma membrane protein

Molecular transport through membrane

Tight junctions

Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells

Desmosomes

Anchoring junction abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress

Gap junctions

A communicating junction. Allows ions and small molecules to pass through from one cell to another and are present in excitable tissues

Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion

Specific for transporting molecules like sugars and amino acids that are too large to pass through membrane channels